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Year 8 Revision

Year 8 Revision. May 2014. COASTS. Look at page ___________in Geog.2. Swash and backwash. Backwash. Swash. Note: Backwash is always at right angles to the beach. Processes of erosion. Corrosion. Hydraulic action. Processes of erosion. Abrasion. Attrition. Headlands and bays. Cliffs.

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Year 8 Revision

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  1. Year 8 Revision May 2014

  2. COASTS • Look at page ___________in Geog.2

  3. Swash and backwash Backwash Swash Note: Backwash is always at right angles to the beach

  4. Processes of erosion Corrosion Hydraulic action Processes of erosion Abrasion Attrition

  5. Headlands and bays

  6. Cliffs

  7. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps

  8. 1 2 This is acave(‘Stair Hole’). This is anarch(‘Durdle Door’). 3 4 This is astack(Old Harry’s Rocks). These arestumps.

  9. Longshore drift Direction of movement Backwash is always at right angles to the beach swash Backwash This movement of sediment along the coastline is calledlongshore drift.

  10. Spit formation

  11. Chesil beach Chesil Beach Isle of Portland

  12. The options... Rip rap Sea wall Groynes Gabions Stone revetment DO NOTHING!

  13. PEOPLE AND THE PLANET • Look at these pages _______in Geog.2 to find this information.......

  14. PEOPLE AND THE PLANET

  15. Population Basics • Birth rate is the number of births per 1000 • Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 • Natural increase happens if there are more births than deaths • If there are more births than deaths the population will grow. Most countries have a growing population

  16. Will The population in a country grow IF • Everyone gets better food • War happens • Deadly disease spreads • There is famine and drought • There are more doctors and hospitals • Contraception is provided • Women are educated

  17. Sustainability…

  18. ENERGY AND GLOBAL WARMING

  19. Animation showing the formation of fossil fuels

  20. Impact of burning fossil fuels – Greenhouse Effect

  21. located on the coast with a chamber facing the prevailing wind mirrors concentrate the sun’s rays onto water-filled black pipes water stored in dams is released through turbines to generate electricity powered by a man-made barrage, usually found across an estuary often located in exposed areas such as mountainous regions heat produced by rocks under the Earth’s surface Match the statement with the energy source located on the coast with a chamber facing the prevailing wind Wave often located in exposed areas such as mountainous regions Solar mirrors concentrate the sun’s rays onto water-filled black pipes HEP heat produced by rocks under the Earth’s surface Tidal powered by a man-made barrage, usually found across an estuary Wind Geothermal water stored in dams is released through turbines to generate electricity

  22. GLOBAL WARMING • Look at these pages _________in Geog.2 to find this information

  23. Global Warming

  24. Are you acting sustainably? Lifestyle and CO2 emissions are linked. How we live can affect the climate. Sustainable developmentacknowledges that our actions today affect the future and therefore we have a responsibility to protect the Earth and its resources. If we want to preserve the Earth for future generations we need to take personal responsibility to change our lifestyles in response to our knowledge of the effects of climate change.

  25. What can you do?

  26. Sustainability…

  27. ECOSYSTEMS

  28. World biomes The climate and geography of a region determine what type of biome can exist there. Over time, species have adapted to differences in climate and environment inside each biome. Can you think of any adaptations species have made to particular biomes?

  29. How Is The Rainforest Structured? EMERGENT LAYER The tallest trees are the emergents, growing up to 200 feet with huge special roots above the groundcalled buttress roots to support them. Most of these trees are broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. There is lots of sun here.  CANOPY LAYER This is the thickest layer of the forest and forms a roof over the remaining layers.  It's a maze of leaves and branches as the plants grow quickly in the rain and sun and are competing for light.. The trees have straight trunks UNDERCANOPY LAYER Little sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger leaves to reach the sunlight..There are many giant ferns. FOREST FLOOR Hardly any sun reaches the forest floor so almost no plants grow and things begin to decay quickly. A leaf that might take 1 year to decompose, will decompose in 6 weeks.

  30. The Plants Of The Forest At least two-thirds of the world's plant species, including many exotic and beautiful flowers grow in the rainforests.

  31. The Animals Of The Forest The rainforest is home to more than half of the world's animals. Colourful and unusual animals dwell in all four layers of the forest. All types of creatures are represented, from tiny insects to large mammals.

  32. Biodiversity as a resource The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 5million species. Humans use these species: • trees are cut down for timber • new medicines can be developed from plants • the forest provides food and a home for forest inhabitants. The Amazon rainforest has been used by man for centuries and is extremely important on a global scale. But today much development in the forest is unsustainable. Logging, agriculture, mining and road building cause deforestation and the extinction of species.

  33. Deforestation Less vegetation Soil becomes infertile Fewer leaves fall Broken Nutrient cycle Less decomposition (breaking down) of litter by termites, fungi and bacteria Less nutrients enter the soil

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