1 / 48

Canada's Ordeal by Fire

Canada's Ordeal by Fire. WW I Declared in Sept. 1914 Canadians feel it will be short – adventurous, good chance for profit. Single, unemployed are easy to recruit. Propaganda films portraying the enemy countries backfire and fuel distrust of recent immigrant groups.

simone
Télécharger la présentation

Canada's Ordeal by Fire

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Canada's Ordeal by Fire • WW I Declared in Sept. 1914 • Canadians feel it will be short – adventurous, good chance for profit. • Single, unemployed are easy to recruit.

  2. Propaganda films portraying the enemy countries backfire and fuel distrust of recent immigrant groups. • Recent immigrants from enemy countries are interned. • WW I Declared in Sept. 1914 • Canadians feel it will be short – adventurous, good chance for profit. • Single, unemployed are easy to recruit.

  3. Many Canadiens reject participation – do not feel connection to England. • Japanese and Black Canadians face discriminatory recruiting policies. • 1/3 of able bodied First Nations people volunteer.

  4. Women and the War • Women increasingly entering factories, production, and going overseas as nurses on the front. • Suffragists continue their push for the right to vote.

  5. Prohibitionists have new argument – production of alcohol robs from the war effort. • 1915 – Sask, Alta, Man, close bars, prohibit alcohol. • 1918 – Federal government follows suit.

  6. Into the Fire • At the onset of war, Canadian troops were poorly equipped and trained. • Colonel Sam Hughes was responsible for equipment selection and testing – he made numerous mistakes.

  7. The Ross Rifle – Hughes selected this weapon due to its accuracy. Its length, and habit of jamming in muddy conditions made it totally impractical in the trenches.

  8. Other Hughes follies included: • buying cardboard soled boots (cheaper) • MacAdams Shovel - the poorest trenching shovel (tended to bend) • Buying cheaper brown horses and painting them black for night opps • Leaky Canteens

  9. Axis (Purple) and Allied (Red/Orange) countries fighting in WWI.

  10. Canadians fought battles on the Western front, with major contributions at Ypres, Mont Sorrel, Saint-Eloi, Festubert, and Givenchy.

  11. 1916 - Sacrifice and Change • Summer, 1916 – Allied troops begin stock piling weapons for a major offensive – the Somme – a 10 km strategic stretch of land. • Lasts from July to November.

  12. Old tactics prove destructive – German machine guns effective – in the first 30 minutes, out of 700 Canadians, 68 are left alive and uninjured. • 1 million men die at the Somme. • High loses, and horrific wounds cause drastic reduction in recruiters, and increase in desertion.

  13. Also in 1916: • Sam Hughes fired (war not a time to save money) • Replaced by Joseph Flavel – wants improved quality of goods and materials, and no profits to be made on war goods. • Women take increasing role in munitions factories. • Canadian soldiers get the Lee Enfield Rifle.

  14. Vimy Ridge • Canadians given assignment all others have failed. • Can. Gen. Curry stock piles weapons, prepares relentlessly – models are built – soldiers issued maps for the first time – supply tunnels built.

  15. 5:30 AM, heavy guns open up, laying down a blanket of heavy artillery fire. • Soldiers follow – protected – run for 100m, then hide for three minutes – the “Vimy Glide.” • Canadian solders take Vimy – the greatest victory in the war, and the start of true Canadian nationalism.

  16. City of Sorrow • Dec. 6th 1917 – Halifax Harbor • Norwegian freighter Emmo rams French Mont Blanc – loaded with munitions for the war. • Biggest non-nuclear explosion created by man. • 2000 killed, 9000 wounded – Halifax levelled

  17. A Broken Promise • 1917 – 400,000 Canadian men fighting – Borden promised 500,000. He also promised Canadians no conscription.

  18. Borden visits military hospitals at the front – horrified at the wounds. • Makes a commitment to the troops that they will be re-enforced. “A matter of honor”

  19. Borden returns to Canada and announces conscription will happen. • Canadiens/Bourassa outraged (French languages recently dropped from Ontario schools as well) • Aug. 1917 – all men 20 to 45 years of age mandatory enrollment. • Oct. 1917 – Borden calls election – Conscription is the only issue.

  20. Runs against Laurier – who is urged to fight conscription – backfires – Laurier and Canadien seen as traitors and cowards. • Borden issues WARTIME ELECTIONS ACT – any new immigrants (15 yrs) band from the vote – women issued vote. • Angry Canadien riot for 4 days in Montreal – Easter 1918 – army sent in – 4 civilians killed.

  21. A Painful Peace • Treaty of Versailles / Armistice ends war Nov. 11th – 1918 • Laurier dies 1919 – to a Canada more divided than ever before.

  22. Celebrations are short lived – poor global conditions lead to major outbreak of Spanish flu • Kills 20 million – as many as the war (same ratio in Canada – 500,000 die)

  23. The cost of victory is high – veterans return to unemployment, or are unemployable. • War pensions drained paying widows and disabled – First Nations excluded

  24. Canada’s contribution to WWI earns the country its own spot in the newly formed League of Nations – a major step forward in our own independent identity.

  25. Following the war, Unemployment remains high, and inflation takes hold. • 1919 – Winnipeg metal workers demand the right to use their union to reach labor demands.

  26. Winnipeg General Strike • May 1st 1919 – Metal Workers Strike. • Bad timing – 18 months after communist take over of Russia following a general strike – many fear communism.

  27. June 10th – after much pressure by business leaders, police take action on strike leaders. • Another riot follows in retaliation – NWMP charge strikers – 2 killed.

  28. Farmers Follow Suit • Following the war, Canadian farmers are sick of Can. Politics – business is poor, and many are leaving to the cities. • Farmers organize into Unions – the United Farmers of Ontario and the United Farmers of Alberta gain major support – win elections • Leads to the creation of the Federal Progressive Party –gains official opposition status.

  29. American Domination • Urbanization growing rapidly in Canada. • Many feel it is associated with American values. • Between 1921-1931 – 1 million Canadians move to the US – mostly from Quebec and Maritimes.

  30. In an effort to stop this, Quebec Premier Taschereau attempts to gain US capital investment by selling regional natural resources. • Bourassa critisizes. • “Better to import US Dollars than export a Canadien worker.”

  31. American domination is particularly strong in the automobile market – growing very fast in Canada.

  32. After years of hard times, Canadians look to have fun. • Radio hits Canada as well as silent films. Hockey Night in Canada hugely popular, but both are dominated by American media.

  33. The fun was short lived – October 24th, 1929 – the stock market crashes.

  34. The End Test Coming Soon

More Related