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The Presidency

The Presidency. U3, C13. THE PRESIDENT’S ROLES. Chief of Party. Chief of State. Chief Diplomat. Chief Administrator. Commander in Chief. Chief Citizen. Chief Legislator. Chief Executive. Qualifications, Term, and Benefits. Formal Qualifications Natural born citizen 35 years old

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The Presidency

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  1. The Presidency U3, C13

  2. THE PRESIDENT’S ROLES Chief of Party Chief of State Chief Diplomat Chief Administrator Commander in Chief Chief Citizen Chief Legislator Chief Executive

  3. Qualifications, Term, and Benefits Formal Qualifications • Natural born citizen • 35 years old • Resident within US for 14 years Term • 4 year term • 22nd Amendment (1951): two elected terms; no more than 10 years Pay and Benefits • Congress determines: • $400,000 salary • $50,000 expense allowance • Benefits: • 132-room mansion • Offices and large staff • Automobiles • Air Force One • Camp David • Dental, Medical, and other healthcare • Travel and Entertainment funds

  4. Presidential Selection Framer’s Plan Rise of Parties • Options for method of choosing president • Selection by Congress or popular vote • Final decision – Electoral College • Presidential electors: special body • Electoral votes: each elector casts two votes for different candidate • Candidate with most votes becomes President; second most becomes Vice President • Framer’s intended electors to be enlightened and responsible citizens • See chart page 366 • After election of 1800 • Party nomination • Nomination of candidates for presidential electors pledged to vote for party’s presidential tickets • Automatic casting of electoral votes in line with those pledges • 12th Amendment • Separated presidential and vice presidential elections

  5. Presidential Primaries and Caucuses • Presidential primary: (1) delegate selection process and/or (2) candidate preference election by party voters • Difficulty with elections: (1) in each State the details of the delegate-selection process are determined by that State’s own law and (2) ongoing reform efforts in Democratic Party • Frontloading, name recognition, money • Winner-take-all (candidate who won preference vote won support of all delegates chosen at primary); now Democratic Party uses proportional representation rule • Evaluation and Reform • Caucus-Conventional process

  6. National Convention • Role of Conventions • System built entirely by two major parties • National committee makes arrangements for convention • Parties give each State party a certain number of delegate’s based on State’s electoral vote; bonus delegates • Goals • Name party’s presidential and vice-presidential candidates • Bring various factions and leading personalities in the party together in one place for common purpose • Adopting party’s platform – formal statement of basic principles, stands on policies, objectives • Characteristics of Candidates • Political experience • Most Protestant • Most from larger states (television influence) • Pleasant and healthy appearance; happily married; attractive family • Speaking ability

  7. Electoral College Today • Each State has as many electors as it has members of Congress • “Rubber Stamp” • Electors chosen by popular vote in every state and on same day (Tuesday after the first Monday in November) • Winner-take-all (except Maine and Nebraska) • Electors meet in State capitols (Monday after Second Wednesday in December) • Signed and sealed votes sent to President of Senate • Formal election takes place on January 6 • If no majority (270), House of Representatives

  8. Electoral College Flaws Reforms • Winner of popular vote is not guaranteed presidency • Electors are not required to vote in accord with popular vote • An election might have to be decided in House of Representatives • District plan: electors would be chosen in each state in the same way as members of Congress • Proportional plan: each presidential candidate would receive same share of a State’s electoral vote as he or she received in State popular vote • Direct popular election • National bonus plan

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