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Unit 1 Classifying Matter Notes

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simongraham
25 diapositives · 295 Views · Jan 03, 2020

Learn about pure substances and mixtures, their properties, and how they can be separated using physical and chemical methods. Includes examples and interactive learning checks.

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Unit 1 Classifying Matter Notes
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  1. Unit 1Classifying Matter Notes

  2. Flow chart

  3. Pure Substances(elements and compounds) 1. EVERY SAMPLE of a given pure substance has EXACTLY THE SAME characteristic properties. a. Boiling point • Freezing point • Melting point • Density 2. Can NOT BE SEPARATED by PHYSICAL means Ex: water always has a boiling point of 100 C, melting point of 0 C, freezing point of 0 C and a density of l.00 g/ml. Other pure substances have their own individual characteristics (bp, mp, fp, density)

  4. 2 kinds of mixtures Mixture – • Not the same as a compound. Usually composed of several substances. • CAN be separated by PHYSICAL means

  5. 1.Homogeneous mixtures – also called solutions have the same composition throughout. Ex: salt water

  6. How Solutions are Made…

  7. 2. Heterogeneous mixtures – the composition is NOT the same throughout; Ex: blue cheese dressing, sand and water, trail mix

  8. Learning Check Learning Check: Identify the following as pure substances (p) or mixtures (m): ___ Oxygen (O2) ___ Lemonade ___ Snickers bar ___ Distilled water ___ Dry ice ___ Soil P M M P P M

  9. Learning Check Learning Check: Classify the following as Homogeneous (ho) or Heterogenous mixtures (he) ___ Pure Air ___ Salsa ___ Chocolate chunk ice cream ___ Ink ___ Blood ___ Chicken noodle soup Ho He He Ho Ho He

  10. Physical Separation:Separates MIXTURES 1.Distillation – based on differences in boiling point: separating a mixture of alcohol and water. Alcohol has a lower boiling point than water so it will boil off sooner. Both substances will be retained

  11. Physical Separation:Separates MIXTURES 2.Filtration – based on differences in solubility and particle size -liquid is passed through materials with very small holes to strain out particles.

  12. Physical Separation:Separates MIXTURES 3.Chromatography – based on differences in polarity Example Video

  13. Physical Separation:Separates MIXTURES 4.Magnetism – separating iron and sand

  14. Chemical Separation: Separates COMPOUNDS Electrolysis – a method of separating compounds (pure substances). This is NOT a physical separation, but a chemical separation using electricity. Waterhydrogen + oxygen

  15. Learning Check Which method would be appropriate for separating these mixtures? _______________ Sawdust and water _______________ Nails and dirt _______________ Water and vinegar Filtration Magnetism Distillation