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Understanding Genetic Inheritance Mechanisms: From Mendelian Genetics to Polygenic Traits

Explore the fascinating world of genetic inheritance, from Mendelian Genetics to Polygenic Traits. Learn about alleles, phenotypes, and how genes impact traits such as coat color in cattle, Tay-Sachs Disease, and human blood types. Delve into incomplete dominance, codominance, and the complexities of polygenic traits like human skin color. Understand how multiple alleles and environmental factors influence the expression of traits.

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Understanding Genetic Inheritance Mechanisms: From Mendelian Genetics to Polygenic Traits

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  1. Mendelian Genetics Extending Mendelian Genetics

  2. CWCW CRCR CRCW Incomplete Dominance • Heterozygous phenotype is intermediate

  3. CWCW CRCR CRCW CRCW CRCW Incomplete Dominance 1 : 2 : 1

  4. Codominance • The heterozygous phenotype represents both alleles • Cattle coat color Alleles C = Red coat C’ = White coat Genotype C’C’ CC CC’

  5. Codominance • Tay-Sachs Disease Alleles T = functional lipase T’ = dysfunctional lipase GenotypesmPhenotypeMPhenotype T’T’ TT TT’ lipid buildup in brain (fatal) catabolism of lipids (normal) catabolism of lipids (normal)

  6. Multiple Alleles • More than two alleles exist for a gene • Human blood type

  7. Multiple Alleles Genotype Antibodies Blood Type

  8. Polygenic Traits • Human Skin Color • Controlled by at least 3 genes (A, B, and C) • AABBCC = Darkest • 6 copies of melanin-producing alleles • aabbcc = Lightest • 0 copies of melanin-producing alleles • Like other traits, environment is a significant factor in expression

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