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BELLRINGER: 1/3 and 1/4

BELLRINGER: 1/3 and 1/4. 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Take out review packet. 3. Update your ToC : 83: Notes – Unification of Italy and Germany 84: German Unif. Map 85: Italian Unif. Map 4. Write down your HW : Finish the Italian unification map activity for homework.

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BELLRINGER: 1/3 and 1/4

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  1. BELLRINGER: 1/3 and 1/4 • 1. Pick up the papers by the door. • 2. Take out review packet. • 3. Update your ToC: • 83: Notes – Unification of Italy and Germany • 84: German Unif. Map • 85: Italian Unif. Map • 4. Write down your HW: • Finish the Italian unification map activity for homework

  2. Agenda: 1/3 and 1/4 • 1. Bellringer • 2. Review Packet • 3. Notes: Unification of Italy and Germany • 4. Map Activities

  3. Quick recap: congress of Vienna

  4. Congress of Vienna (1815) • Who is there? • Austria (Metternich) • England (Duke of Wellington) • Prussia (Frederick William III) • Russia (Tsar Alexander I) • Plus France (Talleyrand) The Big 4

  5. Congress of Vienna (1815) • To-Do List: • 1. Decide what to do with France • Break up Napoleon’s French Empire • 2. Restore balance of power in Europe • Redraw political/country borders in Europe • 3. Bring back European monarchies • If you were in power before Napoleon, we want you back!

  6. Unification of Italy and Germany Ms. Allen 2016-2017 World History II

  7. Nationalismis the belief that people should be loyal to their nation rather than to an empire—to the people with whom they share a culture and history

  8. Unification of Italy

  9. Cavour Leads Italian Unification • Italian nationalists looked for leadership from the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, the largest and most powerful of the Italian states. • Kingdom adopted a liberal constitution in 1848. • Unification sounded like a good plan to the liberal middle-class.

  10. Cavour Leads Italian Unification • Became Prime Minister of Sardinia in 1852. • Worked tirelessly to expand Piedmont-Sardinia’s power. • Wanted to gain control of northern Italy.

  11. Roadblock emerges: war with Austria • Cavour realized that Austria would cause a major roadblock. • Napoleon III (French leader) agreed to help drive Austria out of the northern Italian provinces. • Cavour then started a war with Austria. • RESULT: With the help of the French, Sardinia won two quick victories. • Sardinia took all of northern Italy, except Venetia.

  12. Unification reaches south italy • While Cavour was uniting northern Italy, he secretly helped nationalist rebels in the south. • May 1860 – a small army of Italian nationalists captured Sicily. • Army was known as the Red Shirts. • Leader – Giuseppe Garibaldi • his followers, always wore a bright red shirt in battle = RED SHIRTS.

  13. Final Additions • 1860 – Venetia became part of Italy. • 1870 – Papal States came under Italian control. • This included the city of Rome. • Rome became the capital of Italy. • The pope would continue to govern a section of Rome known as Vatican City.

  14. Unification of Germany

  15. Setting the stage for german unification • Like Italy, Germany also achieved national unity in the mid-1800s. • 1815 – 39 German states formed a loose grouping called the German Confederation. • The Austrian Empire dominated the confederation. • However, Prussia was ready to unify all the German States. • Will take leadership role in unifying Germany

  16. German Confederation

  17. Bismarck Takes Control of germany • 1862 – Wilhelm II succeeded Frederick William to the throne. • Wilhelm II = a conservative • Supported by the Junkers (also conservative), who were wealthy landowners from Prussia • Otto von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister • He’s a Junker!

  18. Otto von Bismarck and Realpolitik • Bismarck became a master at realpolitik. • Means “the politics of unity”. • Used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism. • “It is not by means of speeches and majority resolutions that the great issues of the day will be decided but by blood and iron.”

  19. Bismarck’s controversies • Bismarck declared that he would rule without: • Consent of parliament • Legal budget • These actions were in direct violation of the constitution. • Started a war with Austria • Seven Weeks War (1866) • RESULT: humiliating loss for Austria because Prussia has a superior military

  20. Bismarck’s controversies • Franco-Prussian War (1867) • Spurred by religious tensions in Germany • Cause fight with France to get people in south Germany to give in • Result: Goes to war with France • Prussia wins!

  21. Southern Germans finally had nationalistic feelings. • Accepted Prussian leadership. • 1871 – Captured Versailles. • King Wilhelm I of Prussia was crowned kaiser or emperor. • Called empire The Second Reich • Holy Roman Empire was the first.

  22. A Shift in Power • The 1815 Congress of Vienna had established five Great Powers in Europe: • Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia • 1815 – powers were nearly equal in strength. • 1871 – Britain and Germany were the most powerful. • European balance of power had broken down.

  23. Map activities: • For the remainder of class, you will work on the maps for German and Italian Unification. • WORK ON THE GERMAN UNIFICATION ONE FIRST!

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