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Six Weeks Review

Six Weeks Review. We Need To PASS!!!!. Test Points. Lab Safety, Procedures, Equipment Scientific Method Ecology Levels of Organization Biomes Ecological Succession Symbiosis Energy Transfer. Cornell Notes for Review. Observation

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Six Weeks Review

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  1. Six Weeks Review We Need To PASS!!!!

  2. Test Points • Lab Safety, Procedures, Equipment • Scientific Method • Ecology • Levels of Organization • Biomes • Ecological Succession • Symbiosis • Energy Transfer

  3. Cornell Notes for Review • Observation • Observation: gathering of information by using our five senses: Sight Smell Hearing Taste Touch There are two types of observations Qualitative Quantitative • Examples: • Grass is wet • School alarm went off • Inference • Inference: help explain those observations based on prior experience • Grass is wet= infer it rain or the yard was watered or dew on the grass • School alarm:

  4. Observe and Infer • DRY MIX-Identify where the Independent Variable and Dependent Variable go on the graph • Which one is the Manipulated and Responding

  5. Scientific Method • Ask a Question • Research • Formulate a Hypothesis • Hypothesis: If, and then Format. Must be testable • Test • Analyze results • Draw a Conclusion: Hypothesis accepted and rejected • Report Results

  6. SM Application • A biologist thinks that trees treated with fertilizer I will produce more apples than those treated with fertilizer II. The biologist uses fertilizer I on a group of 10 red delicious apples tree and fertilizer II on a group of 10 red delicious apples trees. In this study the biologist also makes sure that he has a group of 10 red delicious trees that are not treated with any of the fertilizers. All of the trees in each group are treated with an equal amount of fertilizer. At the end of apple growing season, the biologist has a final count of apples for each group of trees used in the study; this is what was recorded:

  7. Ecology • Know these terms • Niche-organisms way of life • Habitat-where they live • Abiotic-non living ex. Air, temp, rock, soil • Biotic-living ex. Plants and animals • Levels of Organization • Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

  8. Ecological Succession • Primary succession- succession that occurs where life has not existed; bare ground or rock • ex. Rocks due to volcanic lava or glacier retreat • Pioneer Species:first organisms to colonize a newsite • Ex. Lichens, Bacteria, Alge, Phytoplankton, Fungus -Producer or decomposer • Secondary succession- succession where there has been previous growth, and is disturbed by natural disaster or human activity • Ex. Mount St. Helen eruption, forest fire, deforestation • More Terms.. • Carrying capacity: the largest population that an environment can support at any given time, and no more GROWTH occurs due to density dependent or any factors • Exponential Growth: constant birth rate through time and is never limited by food or disease

  9. Symbiosis • Symbiosis is an interaction between two different organisms. • Symbiotic relationships between organisms from different biological species help them to benefit from living together. • Types of Relationships • Mutualism: both benefit • Commensalism: 1 benefits and the other is not harmed • Parasitism: 1 benefits and the other is HARMED • Predation: 1 benefits and the other is eaten

  10. Symbiosis Relationships • Mutualism: Oxpeckers land on rhinos or zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get food and the beasts get pest control; Sea anenome and clownfish • Commensalism: Barnacles attach onto whale and have a traveling home. No harm to the whale; Pseudoscorpions catch a ride (hitchhike) on the leg of a fly.

  11. More Symbiosis • Parasitism: fleas on dog; and Lice on Human Head • Predation: Wolf and Rabbit; Lion hunts zebra, Snake hunts Mouse • Not Only for animals

  12. Symbiosis Chart + Benefits O Not harmed - Harmed

  13. Engery Flow • Starts from the SUN • Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are calledPRODUCERS: plants, trees, or autotrophs(make their own food) • Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS. Heterotrophs: Consume their food, hence Consumer • Herbivores-plant eaters • A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Energy or Secondary Consumer (omnivore, carnivore, predator, scavenger) • Producers, Primary Consumers, SeondaryConumcers, Tertiary Consumer 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2

  14. Food Chain • The transfer of energy from the sun to producer to primary consumer then to higher order consumers can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN. • 10% Rule: only 10 % transfer

  15. Energy Pyramid • Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem is theENERGY PYRAMID

  16. Food Web • interconnected food chains • See if you can make one?

  17. Biomagnification • Biological Magnification- the accumulation of increasingly large amounts of toxic substances within each successive link of the food chain

  18. Ecology: Cycles • Water Cycle: evaporation, condenstation, precipiation, runoff • Carbon Cycle- • Nitrogen Cycle-Uses Bacteria and plants to fix nitrogen for us to use

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