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Enhancing Wireless Network Throughput: Reducing Congestion with Multipath Routing Strategies

This paper discusses a novel approach to alleviate congestion in wireless networks through multipath routing mechanisms. The focus is on two key algorithms: In-network Packet Scatter (IPS) and End-to-end Packet Scatter (EPS), which effectively split traffic flows and reduce congestion in contention areas. The proposed algorithms adapt to network conditions and improve overall throughput and fairness. Through simulations and practical tests, results show significant improvements in packet delivery and network performance. Practical applications and future work in this area are also explored.

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Enhancing Wireless Network Throughput: Reducing Congestion with Multipath Routing Strategies

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  1. ICNP 2006 Reducing Congestion Effects in Wireless Networks by Multipath Routing Presented by Dian Zhang Lucian Popa, Costin Raiciu, University of California, Berkeley

  2. Outline • Problem statement and assumptions • BGR • congestion control mechanism • IPS • EPS • Performance evaluation • Conclusions

  3. Overview a point-to-point communication in a large Wireless Network

  4. Overview

  5. Overview Goal: Split flows and reduce congestion by having less traffic in a contention/interference area. • Improve overall throughput • Improve fairness

  6. Multipath Routing-related work • We need alternate paths to avoid congested hotspots • Existing solutions not satisfactory • Way points • Simple • Course Grained • Trajectory Based Forwarding [Niculescu03] • Fine Grained • Complex and resource consuming

  7. Biased Geographical Routing (BGR) • Idea • Insert a “bias” inside the packet as a measure of the deviation from the greedy path • Achieve different paths by using different biases large bias small bias bias = 0

  8. BGR Details • Bias = Angle • Route greedy towards a close by point projected at “bias” angle • Decrease bias at each step • Quadratic dependence on distance to destination • Stop decreasing when it reaches zero bias1 Destination

  9. BGR Details • Bias = Angle • Route greedy towards a close by point projected at “bias” angle • Decrease bias at each step • Quadratic dependence on distance to destination • Stop decreasing when it reaches zero bias2 Destination

  10. BGR Details • Bias = Angle • Route greedy towards a close by point projected at “bias” angle • Decrease bias at each step • Quadratic dependence on distance to destination • Stop decreasing when it reaches zero bias3 Destination

  11. Overview We propose two algorithms to deal with congestion 1. IPS - In-network Packet Scatter • Local algorithm • Lightweight – no per flow state • Suited for short flows or light congestion 2. EPS – End-to-end Packet Scatter • End to end – rate control, relies on receiver feedback • Suited for long flows and widespread congestion

  12. IPS (In-network packet scatter) Learn about congested neighbors

  13. IPS (In-network packet scatter) Deviate uniformly traffic to congested nodes on three paths

  14. EPS (End-to-end packet scatter) Destination Source

  15. EPS (End-to-end packet scatter) Destination Congested node Source

  16. EPS (End-to-end packet scatter) Destination feedback Source

  17. EPS (End-to-end packet scatter) Destination Source

  18. EPS (End-to-end packet scatter) Central path is prioritized Destination Exterior paths are less aggressive than the central one Source

  19. EPS (End-to-end packet scatter) Most traffic on least congested path Destination Source

  20. IPS+EPS • The two algorithms can be used • Independently • Combined

  21. ns2 setup • 400 nodes grid • 802.11 wireless • Random source-destination pairs • Success measured as received number of packets

  22. Throughput vs Hop Count Increase on AIMD(%)

  23. Throughput vs No. Transmissions

  24. Testbed • Mirage sensor network testbed • ~100 nodes • But too “narrow” – interference on one side • Thus, our main goal was to estimate in practice potential for throughput increase

  25. Testbed metodology • Throughput of vs

  26. Testbed results • % Increase in received packets for two BGR paths of 40 degree bias compared to single paths

  27. Conclusions • BGR • An efficient and practical multipath algorithm for wireless networks with location information • IPS, EPS • Two mechanisms to increase fairness and throughput by multipath routing • Practical tests

  28. ICNP 2006 Thank you!

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