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1. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Preview Multiple Choice Short Answer Extended Response

2. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 1. The sequence of steps that occurs in a reaction process is called the • A. order of the reaction. • B. rate law. • C. overall reaction. • D. reaction mechanism.

3. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 1. The sequence of steps that occurs in a reaction process is called the • A. order of the reaction. • B. rate law. • C. overall reaction. • D. reaction mechanism.

4. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 2. To be effective, a collision requires • A. enough energy only. • B. favorable orientation only. • C. enough energy and a favorable orientation. • D. a reaction mechanism.

5. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 2. To be effective, a collision requires • A. enough energy only. • B. favorable orientation only. • C. enough energy and a favorable orientation. • D. a reaction mechanism.

6. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 3. How does the energy of the activated complex compare with the energies of the reactants and products? • A. It is lower than both the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products. • B. It is lower than the energy of the reactants but higher than the energy of the products. • C. It is higher than the energy of the reactants but lower than the energy of the products. • D. It is higher than both the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products.

7. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 3. How does the energy of the activated complex compare with the energies of the reactants and products? • A.It is lower than both the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products. • B.It is lower than the energy of the reactants but higher than the energy of the products. • C.It is higher than the energy of the reactants but lower than the energy of the products. • D. It is higher than both the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products.

8. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 4. If a collision between molecules is very gentle, the molecules are • A. more likely to be oriented favorably. • B. less likely to be oriented favorably. • C. likely to react. • D. likely to rebound without reacting.

9. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 4. If a collision between molecules is very gentle, the molecules are • A. more likely to be oriented favorably. • B. less likely to be oriented favorably. • C. likely to react. • D. likely to rebound without reacting.

10. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 5. A species that changes the rate of a reaction but is neither consumed nor changed is • A. a catalyst. • B. an activated complex. • C. an intermediate. • D. a reactant.

11. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 5. A species that changes the rate of a reaction but is neither consumed nor changed is • A. a catalyst. • B. an activated complex. • C. an intermediate. • D a reactant.

12. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 6. A rate law relates • A. reaction rate and temperature. • B. reaction rate and concentration. • C. temperature and concentration. • D. energy and concentration.

13. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 6. A rate law relates • A. reaction rate and temperature. • B. reaction rate and concentration. • C. temperature and concentration. • D. energy and concentration.

14. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 7. In a graph of how energy changes with reaction progress, the activated complex appears at the • A. left end of the curve. • B. right end of the curve. • C. bottom of the curve. • D. peak of the curve.

15. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 7. In a graph of how energy changes with reaction progress, the activated complex appears at the • A. left end of the curve. • B. right end of the curve. • C. bottom of the curve. • D. peak of the curve.

16. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 8. The slowest step in a mechanism is called • A. the rate-determining step. • B. the uncatalyzed reaction. • C. the activation step. • D. None of the above

17. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 8. The slowest step in a mechanism is called • A. the rate-determining step. • B. the uncatalyzed reaction. • C. the activation step. • D. None of the above

18. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 9. A certain reaction is zero order in reactant A and second order in reactant B. What happens to the reaction rate when the concentrations of both reactants are doubled? • A. The reaction rate remains the same. • B. The reaction increases by a factor of two. • C. The reaction rate increases by a factor of four. • D. The reaction rate increases by a factor of eight.

19. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Multiple Choice • 9. A certain reaction is zero order in reactant A and second order in reactant B. What happens to the reaction rate when the concentrations of both reactants are doubled? • A. The reaction rate remains the same. • B. The reaction increases by a factor of two. • C. The reaction rate increases by a factor of four. • D. The reaction rate increases by a factor of eight.

20. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Short Answer • 10. Two molecules collide but bounce apart unchanged. What two reasons could account for their failure to react?

21. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Short Answer • 10. Two molecules collide but bounce apart unchanged. What two reasons could account for their failure to react? • Answer:They had insufficient energy for bonds to break, or they did not collide in a favorable orientation.

22. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Short Answer • 11. Sketch a diagram that shows how the energy changes with the progress of an endothermic reaction. Label the curve “Reactants,” “Products,” and “Activated complex.” On the same diagram, sketch a second curve to show the change caused by a catalyst.

23. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Short Answer • 11. Sketch a diagram that shows how the energy changes with the progress of an endothermic reaction. Label the curve “Reactants,” “Products,” and “Activated complex.” On the same diagram, sketch a second curve to show the change caused by a catalyst. • Answer:The humped curve should have a final plateau that is higher than its initial plateau. The second curve should share the same plateaus as the first but should have a lower hump.

24. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Extended Response • 12. Suggest ways of measuring the concentration of a reactant or product in a reaction mixture.

25. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Extended Response • 12. Suggest ways of measuring the concentration of a reactant or product in a reaction mixture. • Answer:Answers may vary. Among the methods that might be suggested are by observing a change in color intensity, by removing samples and analyzing for one component, and by measuring pressure change.

26. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Extended Response • 13. Why are reaction orders not always equal to the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation?

27. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 17 Extended Response • 13. Why are reaction orders not always equal to the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation? • Answer:Reactions often occur by a multi-step mechanism. Reaction orders reflect the coefficients in the rate-determining step of such a mechanism, not the coefficients in the overall equation.