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351 Spath

351 Spath. Turn of the Century (20 th ) and the First World War. Brief Review What we covered re Ottomans last Monday… Expansion Systems and Strategies of Ottoman rule Disintegration and decline (18 th c.) Reform and consolidation period (19 th c.). Leading up to WWI.

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351 Spath

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  1. 351 Spath Turn of the Century (20th) and the First World War

  2. Brief Review • What we covered re Ottomans last Monday… • Expansion • Systems and Strategies of Ottoman rule • Disintegration and decline (18th c.) • Reform and consolidation period (19th c.)

  3. Leading up to WWI - Committee of Union and Progress - Young Turk Revolt (1908) - Triple Entente and Ottoman Response - Ottoman Arabs

  4. Young Turk Era (1908-1918) • Issues of Political Identity • What would be the trajectory of the Ottoman state under the Young Turks? • Ottomanism and Turkism lacked resonance and ability to incorporate the people inside the empire • Among others, Arabs sought greater autonomy (more decentralized form of Ottoman rule) • Antagonism between Ottoman and Arab leaders compounded Arab’s search for new political identity and opposition to Ottoman rule

  5. YTE (continued) • Triple Entente (GB, France, Russia) • Ottoman Response & developing relationship with Germany • Ottomans enter the war (1914) • British imperial interests in the war

  6. Arab Revolt • Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915-1916) • Initial victories, then decline in momentum and strength • Reinvigoration • T.E. Lawrence and Emir Feisel • - Allenby’s forces with Arab help overwhelm Ottomans

  7. Sharif Hussein ibn Ali

  8. Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915-16)

  9. A diplomatic mess… • Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) • Initial victories, then decline in momentum and strength • Reinvigoration • T.E. Lawrence and Emir Feisel • Allenby’s forces with Arab help overwhelm Ottomans • Balfour Declaration • Paris Peace Conference (1919), San Remo Conference (1920), Council of League of Nations (1922) • Cairo Conference (1921)

  10. Sykes-Picot agreement

  11. Balfour Declaration (1917)

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