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Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner Coal

Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner Coal. Hengwei LIU, PhD Energy, Climate, and Innovation (ECI) Program The Fletcher School, Tufts University.

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Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner Coal

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  1. Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner Coal Hengwei LIU, PhD Energy, Climate, and Innovation (ECI) Program The Fletcher School, Tufts University Presentation to the China Environment Forum @ Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., 12 January 2011

  2. Agenda • Explore major CCS opportunities • Identify key technologies enabling CCS development • Propose a US-China partnership on CCS HengweiLiu, Kelly Sims Gallagher. Catalyzing strategic transformation to a low-carbon economy: A CCS roadmap for China. Energy Policy38(2010)59–74.

  3. 2030 2005 CO2 emissions by sector in China Iron & steel Power (Cement) (Ammonia & Methanol) Power Industry Power generation and industry account for more than 70% of China’s total energy-related CO2 emissions Data source: WEO2007

  4. Prime candidates for CCS in China Power Iron and steel 47% Today: more than 80% coal electricity Ammonia & Methanol Cement 58% 33% Data source: NBS

  5. CCS enabling technologies CCS and its enabling technologies: a twin-pronged approach to promote the CCS deployment Manufacturing process & energy conversion process + CCS

  6. Summary of CCS enabling technologies Leading technology IGCC/Co-production

  7. Coal power generation: IGCC &SC/USC • IGCC: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle • SC / USC: Supercritical / Ultra-supercritical Gasification & advanced combustion: roads to higher efficiency

  8. Air N2 ASU Combined Cycle Electricity O2 Coal Steam Syngas (CO+H2) Gasifier CO2+H2 Chemical plant Shift reactor methanol CO2 Separator H2 Ocean storage Seque-stration Other Fuel cell Power generation Others EOR/ECBM Co-production: an important approach to promote IGCC development in China IGCC

  9. (2) CCS enabling technologies: Iron & Steel Leading technology IGCC/Co-production

  10. Direct reduction Smelting reduction • Non-blast furnace iron-making • Blast furnace iron-making • Dominant technology • Severe pollution Iron making: development trend

  11. Bao Steel Capture from the main emitter (blast furnace) brings only about 30% reduction in CO2 emissions Breakthrough CCS enabling technologies are needed to achieve large-scale CO2 reduction Steel making Data source: ZHANG Shourong

  12. Polygeneration based on Oxygen Blast Furnace The off gas with medium heating value from OBF is used as an IGCC/co-production fuel gas Picture from internet

  13. Polygeneration Based on Direct Reduction By coupling IGCC/co-production with a DR process, it shares one gasifier to produce syngas Picture from internet

  14. Polygeneration based on Smelting Reduction The off gas from SR is used as an IGCC/co-production fuel gas Picture from internet

  15. (3) CCS enabling technologies: Ammonia & Methanol Leading technology IGCC/Co-production

  16. Ammonia Syngas Gasification coal Methanol Ammonia & Methanol • Ammonia industry is the largest consumer of gasification technology in China. Coal-based synthetic ammonia accounts for about 75% of total output • Consume 50 Mt coal per year • coal-based methanol accounted for about 80% of total output. • consume about 12 Mt coal

  17. Pathway to a low-carbon future

  18. Cleaner coal & water Water consumption (Kg/MWh) Subcritical: 300MW; USC: 1000MW; IGCC: Gasifier: Shell Estimated by Hengwei Liu

  19. How to use coal in a carbon-constrained future? Energy & water efficient approaches to a cleaner coal: advanced combustion & gasification

  20. Geographical location of the parent companies of patent owners Who owns our low-carbon future? International cooperation is critical for CCS diffusion Source: Bernice Lee, Ilian Iliev and Felix Preston. Chatham House Report 2009

  21. Accelerating technology diffusion and drive down the cost of CCS through a U.S.-China partnership • US has a more advanced S&T innovative system and has a well established regime for bringing technologies to market. • China has vibrant market, and the ability to commercialize new technologies more quickly and cheaply. Data source: IEA&NBS

  22. Conclusions • A twin-pronged strategy for CCS and its enabling technologies should be developed. • Coal gasification & advanced combustion are energy & water efficient ways to a cleaner coal, and they should be given top priority to enable CCS development in China. • A U.S.-China partnership has the potential to accelerate technology diffusion and drive down the cost of CCS.

  23. Thank you!Hengwei Liu (刘恒伟)http://hengweiliu.weebly.com/Email：hengwei_liu@hks.harvard.eduliu.ccs@gmail.com

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