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The Technology behind PlayStation 2

Sony Computer Entertainment OverviewTechnical aspects of PlayStation 2 The Future for PlayStation

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The Technology behind PlayStation 2

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  1. The Technology behind The Technology behind PlayStation®2 PlayStation®2 Paul Holman Sony Computer Entertainment Europe VP of Technology

  2. In this presentation In this presentation ? ? Sony Computer Entertainment Overview Sony Computer Entertainment Overview ? ? Technical aspects of PlayStation 2 Technical aspects of PlayStation 2 ? ? The Future for PlayStation …. The Future for PlayStation …. 2 2 Technology Group Technology Group

  3. Who Am I ? Who Am I ? SCEI R&D Group HQ (Japan) SCEI R&D (Japan) SCEA SCEE SCEA R&D (USA) SCEI Business & Technology BB Business Div. Technology Group (UK) Architecture Tech. Information Technology Development Strategy Planning Dev. Environment OS and Library Network Development Network Technology Computer Graphics Network Business Dev. Support (Japan) Dev. Support (USA) Dev. Support (UK) System Dev. Man Machine I/F Simulation 3 3 Technology Group Technology Group

  4. Sony Computer Entertainment “Europe” Sony Computer Entertainment “Europe” May 97 - Apr 98 May 98-Apr 99 May 99- Jan 02 May 96 - Apr 97 Launch - Apr 96 4 4 Technology Group Technology Group

  5. PlayStation 2 European Launched 24 November 2000

  6. Where are we now ? Where are we now ? September 2002 September 2002 – – 40 million PS2s shipped 40 million PS2s shipped worldwide (12+ million to SCEE region) worldwide (12+ million to SCEE region) BUT … sales are seasonal BUT … sales are seasonal – – vast majority in Christmas season Christmas season vast majority in Sales are running at 2.4x original PlayStation at Sales are running at 2.4x original PlayStation at the same point of lifecycle the same point of lifecycle 6 6 Technology Group Technology Group

  7. Manufacturing Technology Manufacturing Technology 7 7 Technology Group Technology Group

  8. A peek inside the factory …. A peek inside the factory …. 8 8 Technology Group Technology Group

  9. EE (Main Processor) – Joint Fab with EE (Main Processor) – Joint Fab with Toshiba in Ohita (0.18µ) Toshiba in Ohita (0.18µ) 9 9 Technology Group Technology Group

  10. SCE Nagasaki - 0.18µ process for GS (Graphics Chip) SCE Nagasaki - 0.18µ process for GS (Graphics Chip) 10 10 Technology Group Technology Group

  11. 11 11 Technology Group Technology Group

  12. And what about the software ? And what about the software ? 12 12 Technology Group Technology Group

  13. Disc manufacturing (CD and DVD) Disc manufacturing (CD and DVD) ? ? All Disc manufacturing carried out by Sony All Disc manufacturing carried out by Sony DADC in Salzburg, Austria DADC in Salzburg, Austria ? ? Includes proprietary copy control solutions Includes proprietary copy control solutions ? ? PS2 discs are serialized PS2 discs are serialized ? ? “Just “Just- -in in- -time” ordering time” ordering 13 13 Technology Group Technology Group

  14. The Technology inside the machine … The Technology inside the machine … 14 14 Technology Group Technology Group

  15. Technical Aspects of PlayStation 2 Technical Aspects of PlayStation 2 ? ? The PlayStation 2 Development Environment The PlayStation 2 Development Environment ? ? System Architecture System Architecture ? ?The Emotion Engine (EE) The Emotion Engine (EE) ? ?The Graphics Synthesiser (GS) The Graphics Synthesiser (GS) ? ?The IO Processor (IOP) The IO Processor (IOP) 15 15 Technology Group Technology Group

  16. Professional Development Environment Professional Development Environment The TOOL The TOOL ? ? Use the Linux Use the Linux- -based tools that come with the TOOL that come with the TOOL ? ? With a Linux box you can With a Linux box you can either: either: ? ? develop and compile on the develop and compile on the Linux Box Linux Box ? ? use the Linux Box purely for use the Linux Box purely for compilation and develop in compilation and develop in your favourite Windows Editor your favourite Windows Editor based tools TV TV Controllers Controllers Linux Linux Box Box LAN LAN PC PC 16 16 Technology Group Technology Group

  17. Developing at home – PS2 Linux Developing at home – PS2 Linux ? ? PlayStation 2 branded USB keyboard & mouse PlayStation 2 branded USB keyboard & mouse ? ? 10/100 Ethernet Adapter 10/100 Ethernet Adapter ? ? 40GB Hard Disk 40GB Hard Disk ? ? Monitor cable Monitor cable ? ? 2 x install DVD’s 2 x install DVD’s ? ? Linux Linux ? ? Hardware Manuals Hardware Manuals ? ? Tools, Examples Tools, Examples ? ? Simple EULA Simple EULA ? ? Launched: 22 May ’02 Launched: 22 May ’02 ? ? € € 249 (excl. VAT and Shipping) from 249 (excl. VAT and Shipping) from http://www.linuxplay.com/ http://www.linuxplay.com/ 17 17 Technology Group Technology Group

  18. Here comes the science bit ... Here comes the science bit ... System Architecture System Architecture 18 18 Technology Group Technology Group

  19. PlayStation2 PlayStation2 ? ? 128 128- -bit CPU core “Emotion Engine” bit CPU core “Emotion Engine” ? ? GS “Graphics Synthesizer” GS “Graphics Synthesizer” ? ? SPU2 “Dynamic Sound Processor” SPU2 “Dynamic Sound Processor” ? ? I/O Processor (USB, i.Link) I/O Processor (USB, i.Link) ? ? DVD/CD ROM disc system DVD/CD ROM disc system 19 19 Technology Group Technology Group

  20. The Emotion Engine - Specs The Emotion Engine - Specs ? ? CPU Core CPU Core ? ? System Clock System Clock ? ? Bus Bandwidth Bus Bandwidth ? ? Main Memory Main Memory ? ? Floating Point Calculation Floating Point Calculation ? ? 3D Geometry Performance 3D Geometry Performance 128 bit CPU 128 bit CPU 300MHz 300MHz 3.2GB/sec 3.2GB/sec 32MB (Direct Rambus) 32MB (Direct Rambus) 6.2 GFLOPS 6.2 GFLOPS 66 Million 66 Million polygons/sec polygons/sec MPEG2 MPEG2 ? ? Image Processor Unit Image Processor Unit 20 20 Technology Group Technology Group

  21. Floating Point Vector Performance … Floating Point Vector Performance … 160 Geometry & Perspective Transformation 140 1/Distance 120 Distance Geometry Transformation M vector/sec 100 80 60 40 20 0 P2 (400 Mhz) P3 (500 Mhz) EE (300 Mhz) 21 21 Technology Group Technology Group

  22. Pixel Fill Rate Pixel Fill Rate GS 2.4 0.9 Infinite Reality 2 36x 0.37 Voodoo 3 (3500) 0.25 Riva TNT 0.24 Octane 0.2 Power VR2 0.07 PlayStation 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 G pix/sec 22 22 Technology Group Technology Group

  23. System Architecture System Architecture VIDEO OUT Emotion Engine Engine Engine Emotion Emotion Graphic Synthesiser Emotion Engine (EE) (EE) (EE) (EE) Graphic Synthesiser (GS) (GS) RAM RAM I/O I/O Sound Processor RAM RAM AUDIO OUT Sound Processor (SPU2) (SPU2) Processor Processor (IOP) (IOP) EXTERNAL DEVICES ROM ROM CD/DVD CD/DVD 23 23 Technology Group Technology Group

  24. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture Overview FPU FPU COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 CPU CPU Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU COP2 COP2 INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus Timer Timer DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 24 24 Technology Group Technology Group

  25. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture CPU Core ? 128 bit CPU ? ? 128 bit CPU 128 bit CPU ? ? 300 MHz clock frequency 300 MHz clock frequency ? ? 32 Mb main memory 32 Mb main memory FPU FPU COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 ? 300 MHz clock frequency ? 32 Mb main memory ? MIPS III with some MIPS IV and multimedia extensions ? 64 bit instructions, 2-way superscalar ? 128 bit multimedia instructions ? ? 128 bit multimedia instructions 128 bit multimedia instructions CPU CPU CPU CPU Core Core Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU COP2 COP2 ? ? MIPS III with some MIPS IV and MIPS III with some MIPS IV and multimedia extensions multimedia extensions ? ? 64 bit instructions, 2 64 bit instructions, 2- -way superscalar superscalar INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus way Timer Timer DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 25 25 Technology Group Technology Group

  26. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture CPU Core ? 16Kb I-Cache ? ? 16Kb I 16Kb I- -Cache ? ? 8Kb D 8Kb D- -Cache Cache Cache FPU FPU COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 ? 8Kb D-Cache ? 16Kb scratchpad ? ? 16Kb scratchpad 16Kb scratchpad CPU CPU CPU CPU Core Core Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU COP2 COP2 INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus Timer Timer DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 26 26 Technology Group Technology Group

  27. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture Floating Point Unit (FPU) FPU FPU FPU FPU COP1 COP1 COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 CPU CPU CPU CPU Core Core Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU COP2 COP2 INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus COP1 for the CPU COP1 for the CPU COP1 for the CPU Timer Timer DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 27 27 Technology Group Technology Group

  28. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture Timer FPU FPU FPU FPU COP1 COP1 COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 CPU CPU CPU CPU Core Core Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU COP2 COP2 ? 4 independent timers ? Driven either ? by the bus clock (1/16 or 1/256 intervals) ? external H-BLNK ? ? external H external H- -BLNK BLNK ? ? 4 independent timers 4 independent timers ? ? Driven either Driven either ? ? by the bus clock (1/16 or 1/256 by the bus clock (1/16 or 1/256 intervals) intervals) INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus Timer Timer Timer Timer DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 28 28 Technology Group Technology Group

  29. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture DMA Controller (DMAC) FPU FPU COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 ? ? Vital to maximising the EE’s performance Vital to maximising the EE’s performance VU0 VU0 ? Vital to maximising the EE’s performance ? Handles data transfers between main ? ? Handles data transfers between main CPU Handles data transfers between main CPU Core Core memory and each processor/scratchpad memory and each processor/scratchpad memory and each processor/scratchpad GIF GIF GS EFU COP2 COP2 INTC INTC INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus Timer Timer DMAC DMAC DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 29 29 Technology Group Technology Group

  30. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture Vector Units (VU0 & VU1) FPU FPU COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 VU0 VU0 CPU CPU Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU EFU COP2 COP2 COP2 COP2 INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus ? ? Used for mathematical operations Used for mathematical operations ? ? FMACs FMACs for addition and multiplication for addition and multiplication ? ? FDIV for division and square root operations ? Used for mathematical operations ? FMACs for addition and multiplication ? FDIV for division and square root operations ? Built-in memory for microprograms ? VIFs link the VUs to the rest of the system Timer Timer FDIV for division and square root operations ? ? Built Built- -in memory for in memory for microprograms microprograms ? ? VIFs VIFs link the link the VUs VUs to the rest of the system to the rest of the system DMAC DMAC DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 30 30 Technology Group Technology Group

  31. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture Vector Unit 0 (VU0) FPU FPU COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 VU0 VU0 CPU CPU Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU EFU COP2 COP2 COP2 COP2 INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus ? ? 4 4 FMACs FMACs, 1 FDIV ? ? COP2 for the CPU, executing macroinstructions COP2 for the CPU, executing macroinstructions ? ? 4 Kb , 1 FDIV ? 4 FMACs, 1 FDIV ? COP2 for the CPU, executing macroinstructions ? 4 Kb VUMem (data), 4 Kb MicroMem (instructions) ? Useful for complex operations like physics etc. Timer Timer 4 Kb VUMem VUMem (data), 4 Kb ? ? Useful for complex operations like physics etc. Useful for complex operations like physics etc. DMAC DMAC (data), 4 Kb MicroMem IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC MicroMem (instructions) (instructions) SIF SIF DRAM IOP 31 31 Technology Group Technology Group

  32. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture Vector Unit 1 (VU1) FPU FPU COP1 COP1 VU1 VU1 VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 VU0 VU0 CPU CPU Core Core GIF GIF GS EFU EFU COP2 COP2 COP2 COP2 INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus No direct path to CPU core, but direct path to GIF No direct path to CPU core, but direct path to GIF ? ? ? ? ? ? No direct path to CPU core, but direct path to GIF 16 Kb VUMem (data), 16 Kb MicroMem (instructions) 16 Kb 16 Kb VUMem VUMem (data), 16 Kb (data), 16 Kb MicroMem ? ? ? MicroMem (instructions) (instructions) Timer Timer Useful for transformations Useful for transformations Useful for transformations DMAC DMAC IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF DRAM IOP 32 32 Technology Group Technology Group

  33. Emotion Engine architecture Emotion Engine architecture Image Processing Unit (IPU) ? Image data decompression processor ? ? Image data decompression processor Image data decompression processor FPU ? ? Decodes MPEG2 streams Decodes MPEG2 streams ? ? MacroBlock MacroBlock Decode ? ? Vector Vector Quantization Quantization FPU COP1 COP1 ? Decodes MPEG2 streams ? MacroBlock Decode ? Vector Quantization ? Transparency Control ? ? Transparency Control Transparency Control VU1 VU1 VU0 VU0 CPU CPU Core Core GIF GIF GS Decode EFU COP2 COP2 INTC INTC 128bit Main Bus Timer Timer DMAC DMAC IPU IPU IPU IPU DRAMC DRAMC SIF SIF SIF SIF DRAM IOP IOP 33 33 Technology Group Technology Group

  34. System Architecture System Architecture VIDEO OUT Emotion Engine Engine Engine Emotion Emotion Graphic Synthesiser Synthesiser Synthesiser Graphic Graphic Emotion Engine (EE) (EE) (EE) (EE) Graphic Synthesiser (GS) (GS) (GS) (GS) RAM RAM I/O I/O Sound Processor RAM RAM AUDIO OUT Sound Processor (SPU2) (SPU2) Processor Processor (IOP) (IOP) EXTERNAL DEVICES ROM ROM CD/DVD CD/DVD 34 34 Technology Group Technology Group

  35. GS specifications GS specifications ? ? Clock Frequency Clock Frequency ? ? Embedded DRAM Embedded DRAM ? ? Total memory bandwidth Total memory bandwidth ? ? Pixel fill rate Pixel fill rate 150 Mhz 150 Mhz 4MB 4MB 1.2Gb/sec 1.2Gb/sec 2.4GPixel/sec 2.4GPixel/sec 35 35 Technology Group Technology Group

  36. System Architecture System Architecture VIDEO OUT Emotion Engine Graphic Synthesiser Synthesiser Synthesiser Graphic Graphic Emotion Engine (EE) (EE) Graphic Synthesiser (GS) (GS) (GS) (GS) RAM RAM I/O I/O I/O I/O Sound Processor RAM RAM AUDIO OUT Sound Processor (SPU2) (SPU2) Processor Processor Processor Processor (IOP) (IOP) (IOP) (IOP) EXTERNAL DEVICES ROM ROM Disc Drive Disc Drive CD/DVD CD/DVD 36 36 Technology Group Technology Group

  37. IOP IOP ? ? Contains an R3000 (PlayStation CPU+) Contains an R3000 (PlayStation CPU+) ? ? 2 clock frequencies 2 clock frequencies ? ? 2 Mb IOP memory 2 Mb IOP memory ? ? Interfaces to the EE for Interfaces to the EE for ? ?controllers controllers ? ?memory devices memory devices ? ?SPU 2 SPU 2 ? ?CD/DVD unit CD/DVD unit ? ?USB/IEEE1394 USB/IEEE1394 37 37 Technology Group Technology Group

  38. System Architecture System Architecture VIDEO OUT Emotion Engine Graphic Synthesiser Emotion Engine (EE) (EE) Graphic Synthesiser (GS) (GS) RAM RAM I/O I/O I/O I/O Sound Processor Processor Processor Sound Sound RAM RAM AUDIO OUT Sound Processor (SPU2) (SPU2) (SPU2) (SPU2) Processor Processor Processor Processor (IOP) (IOP) (IOP) (IOP) EXTERNAL DEVICES ROM ROM CD/DVD CD/DVD 38 38 Technology Group Technology Group

  39. SPU 2 SPU 2 ? ? 2 DSP cores, 48 Channels 2 DSP cores, 48 Channels ? ? 2Mb sound memory 2Mb sound memory ? ? Output to DAC or Optical digital output Output to DAC or Optical digital output 39 39 Technology Group Technology Group

  40. Standard Peripherals Standard Peripherals ? ? PS one peripherals compatible (most) PS one peripherals compatible (most) ? ? “ “DualShock2 DualShock2” ” as standard controller as standard controller ? ? Large capacity Large capacity “ “memory card memory card” ” (8Mb) ? ? USB and i.Link (aka IEEE 1394) devices (non USB and i.Link (aka IEEE 1394) devices (non proprietary interfaces) proprietary interfaces) ? ? “ “broadband unit broadband unit” ” (40GB HDD and network (40GB HDD and network adaptor) adaptor) (8Mb) 40 40 Technology Group Technology Group

  41. USB Applications USB Applications ? ? Digital Camera (e.g. via Digital Camera (e.g. via “ “Picture Paradise software or software or “ “eyetoy eyetoy” ” game ) ? ? Microphone (e.g. speech recognition and Microphone (e.g. speech recognition and communication software in communication software in “ “SOCOM: US Navy Seals Navy Seals” ”) ) ? ? Scanner, Printer (Japan titles) Scanner, Printer (Japan titles) ? ? Keyboards, Mouse (Yabasic, PS2 Linux) Keyboards, Mouse (Yabasic, PS2 Linux) Picture Paradise” ” game ) SOCOM: US 41 41 Technology Group Technology Group

  42. And what happens next … And what happens next … 42 42 Technology Group Technology Group

  43. Products based upon the “Cell Processor” Products based upon the “Cell Processor” ?A chip triumvirate of IBM, Sony and Toshiba has pledged $400 million to the project and sent engineers to a joint development centre in Austin, Texas ?“We are working for the third-generation (PlayStation) with this very aggressive and crazy goal… Moore's Law is too slow for us." Shin’ichi Okamoto (SCE CTO) 43 43 Technology Group Technology Group

  44. Questions? Questions? On the web: On the web: http://www.t http://www.technology.scee.net/ echnology.scee.net/ E E- -mail: mail: Paul_Holman@scee.net Paul_Holman@scee.net 44 44 Technology Group Technology Group

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