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THE CELL CYCLE and MITOSIS

This article explains the five phases of the cell cycle and the process of mitosis. It discusses the events that occur during each phase and the production of two identical daughter cells. The article also describes the changes that take place in each phase and provides images for better understanding.

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THE CELL CYCLE and MITOSIS

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  1. THE CELL CYCLE and MITOSIS

  2. The Cell Cycle is divided into 5 phases. Each phase is characterized by specific events which make the phases easy to recognize.

  3. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus. • Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis or division of the cytoplasm.

  4. This division produces two identical daughter cells. Each daughter cell has an exact copy of the chromosomes from the parent cell.

  5. 1. INTERPHASE Interphase is the busiest time in the division process. It is actually the time between divisions.

  6. The major event in interphase is “THE CELL MAKES COPIES OF ALL ITS CHROMOSOMES.”

  7. 2. PROPHASE Prophase is the longest phase of mitosis. .

  8. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear.

  9. During prophase The centrioles begin to move apart. • The chromatin coils into visible chromosomes.

  10. Each duplicated chromosomes is made of two halves called sister chromatids.

  11. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids attached by a structure called the centromere.

  12. Also during prophase a system of microtubules called the spindle fibers begin to form between the centrioles.

  13. 3. METAPHASE • During metaphase the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers and line up in the middle of the cell

  14. 4. ANAPHASE • The centromeres split apart and the chromatid pairs separate. They are then pulled toward opposite ends of the cell.

  15. 5. TELOPHASE • MANY OF THE CHANGES THAT TOOK PLACE IN PROPHASE BEGIN TO REVERSE.

  16. The chromosomes uncoil, the spindle disappears, and a new nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes

  17. The cytoplasm begins to divide, with a groove forming around the middle of the cell.

  18. Finally the cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis) forming two new cells identical to the original parent cell

  19. Images from the University of Arizona Biology Project http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/cell_bio. html

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