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Understanding the Musculoskeletal System: Bones, Joints, and Muscles

The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, joints, and muscles working together to support the body. Bones can be classified into long, short, flat, and irregular types, each serving essential functions like protection, movement, and blood cell production. Joints, where bones meet, allow for various movements (e.g., pivot, hinge, ball and socket). Muscles, made of soft tissue, enable motion and generate heat. Together, these components are crucial for maintaining posture and facilitating complex bodily movements.

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Understanding the Musculoskeletal System: Bones, Joints, and Muscles

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  1. The Musculoskeletal system

  2. A) Bones • 1. Name of commonbones (dividingourskeleton): • Head • Thorax • Spinal cord • Upperlimbs • Lowerlimbs

  3. A) Bones • 2. Types: • Long bones • Foundmostly in lower and upperlimbs • Short bones • Foundmostly in the wrists and ankles • Flat bones • E.g. skull, ribs, sternum, shoulderbone • Irregularbones • E.g. vertabrae

  4. A) Bones • 3. Function: • Support, insures posture • Protectsinternalorgans • Ensures motion (workingwith muscles theyact as levers) • Storage of necessary fat and minerals (calcium) • Production of redbloodcells by the bonemarrow (mostoftenfoundin long bones)

  5. A) Bones • Name of commonbones: • Vertabrea • Ribs • Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Radius • Ulna • Collarbone (clavicle) • Humerus • Carpals • Tarsals • Patella • Sternum

  6. B) Joints • Definition: • place wheretwo or more bonesjoin • Function: • Can allow for mobility (tendons attachbones to muscles) • Can linkbonestogether (with ligaments)

  7. B) Joints • Types: • Pivot Joint • Hinge joint • Gliding joint • Ball and socket • Saddle Joint • Conyloid Joint

  8. B) Joints • Types of joints thatallowmobility (synovial joints): • Pivot Joint • allows for rotation (base of the skull) • Hinge joint • allows to bend in 1 direction(elbows and knees) • Gliding joint • allowsbones to slide on one another(vertabrea) • Ball and socket • allows for mostmobility(hip and shoulder) • Saddle Joint • allows 2 types of motion (thumbs) • Conyloid Joint • Fingers and toes

  9. Types of motions: • Flexion (decreasing the angle betweentwobones) • Extension (increasing the angle betweentwobones) • Abduction (limbsmovingawayfrom the body) • Adduction (limbsmovingtowards the body) • Rotation (turningaround an axis)

  10. C) Muscles • Whatisitreally? • Soft tissue made of cellsthatcontainprotein filaments thatcan change the cell’sshape • Function: • Allowsfor motion • Producesheat

  11. C) Muscles • Type of muscles: • Smooth: • Muscles surroundinginternalorgans • Are not voluntary • Striated muscles • Skeletal • Muscles anchored to the skeleton • Are voluntary • Cardiac • Muscles controlling the heart

  12. Team work • Muscles workingtogether: • Antagonistic muscles • Muscles canonly pull cannot push back • Needanother muscle to pull the limb back to its original position • Bicep/tricep

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