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Understanding Political Parties and Elections

Learn about the role of political parties, the electoral process, and key concepts such as closed primaries, party image, critical elections, and more.

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Understanding Political Parties and Elections

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  1. Chapter 8 Vocabulary Political Parties

  2. Elections to select nominees in which only people who are registered with that party may vote for the party’s candidates. It encouraged party loyalty. Closed Primaries

  3. One of the institutions that keep the party operating between conventions. The national committee is composed of representatives from states and territories. National Committee

  4. Voting for one party for one office and another party for other offices Ticket Splitting

  5. Voter’s perception of what Republicans or Democrats stand for (conservative or liberal). Party Image

  6. An electoral “earthquake” where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party. Critical election periods are are sometimes marked by national crisis and may require more than one election to bring about a new party era. Critical Election

  7. An electoral system used throughout most of Europe that awards legislative seats in proportion to the number of seats won in an election. Proportional Representation

  8. Team of men and women seeking to control the governing apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election. Political Party

  9. Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide whether they want to participate in Republican or Democratic contests (aka “crossover voting”). Open Primaries

  10. A view about how parties should work, held by some political scientists. According to the model, parties should offer clear choices to the voters and once in office, should carry out their campaign promises. Responsible Party Model

  11. When two or more parties join together to form a majority in a national legislature. This form of government is quite common in the multiparty systems of Europe. Coalition Government

  12. A form of negotiated bribery in which a commissionis paid to the bribe-taker in exchange for services rendered. Kickbacks

  13. Historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power, which tends to win a majority of the elections. Party Eras

  14. The channels through which people’s concerns become political issues on the government’s policy agenda. Include elections, political parties, media, and interest groups. Linkage Institutions

  15. The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen, in part by shrinking party identification. Party Dealignment

  16. Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections. Third Parties

  17. One of the key inducements used by political machines. A job, promotion, or contract given for political rather than merit reasons. Patronage

  18. The person responsible for the day-to-day activities of the party. The Supreme Authority in each party. Ronna Romney McDaniel Republican National Committee Chairperson National Chairperson Tom Perez Democratic National Committee Chairperson

  19. A citizen’s self-proclaimed preference for one party over another. This is most successfully transmitted by family. Party Identification

  20. An electoral system in which legislative seats are only rewarded to the candidates who came in first in their constituencies. This severely hurts the success of 3rd party candidates. Winner-take-all system

  21. Voted on by the delegates attending the National Convention, they represent the ideological point of view of a political party. Platform

  22. Group of individuals with a common interest on which every political party depends. Coalition

  23. Type of political party organization relying on material inducements, such as patronage, to win votes. Political Machines

  24. Meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential candidate and write the party’s platform. National Convention

  25. The displacement of a majority party by a minority party following a critical election period. Party Realignmnet

  26. Fiscally conservative Democrats who are mainly from the South and/or rural parts of the U.S. Blue Dog Democrats

  27. Popular theory in political science to explain the actions of voters as well as politicians. Assumes people act in their best interest, weighing costs/benefits of actions Rational Choice Theory

  28. A coalition formed by Democrats which dominated U.S. politics from the 1930’s to the 1960’s. Its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, catholics and jews, the poor, Southerners, African-Americans, and intellectuals. New Deal Coalition

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