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Figurative Language and Argument. Giving style to your substance. Figurative Language. First Strength: Aids in understanding by likening something unknown to something known. Ex: Watson and Crick. Figurative Language. Aids your argument by making it extremely memorable.
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Figurative Language and Argument Giving style to your substance
Figurative Language First Strength: Aids in understanding by likening something unknown to something known. Ex: Watson and Crick
Figurative Language Aids your argument by making it extremely memorable. Ex: Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes“Harlem-A Dream Deferred” What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over- Like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags Like a heavy load. Or does it explode?
What do you remember? Images: Message:
Tropes Involve a change in the ordinary signification, or meaning, of a word or phrase Schemes A special arrangement of words Two Main Classifications
Tropes • Metaphor Offers an IMPLIED comparison between two things and thereby clarifies and enlivens many arguments. See page 289
Tropes Simile A DIRECT comparison between two things Easy to spot… “like” and “as” p. 289-290
Tropes Analogy Compare two different or dissimilar things for special effect p. 290
Tropes Hyperbole The use of overstatement for special effect. Often used in comedy, but definitely has a place in serious writing. ex: page 292
Tropes Understatement Requires a muted, quiet message to make its point. Can be used well in humor or serious writing. p. 293
Tropes Rhetorical Questions These questions don’t require answers. They are used to assert or deny something about an argument. ex: p. 294
Tropes Antonomasia Shorthand substitutions of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name. p. 294
Tropes Irony EDUCATIONPrinceton Cuts Number of A'sGiven to Students Down to 41% Hopes lower grades will produce a future president. Source: Ironic Times
irony Wal-Mart Accused in Court of Denying Workers Lunch Breaks “They can't afford lunch on what we're paying them,” explains company lawyer. Source: Ironic Times
Schemes Schemes are figures that depend on word order…SYNTAX Here are a few you are likely to see
Schemes Parallelism Uses grammatically similar words, phrases, or clauses for special effect. p. 296
Schemes Antithesis Use of parallel structures to mark contrast or opposition p. 296
Schemes Inverted word order Parts of a sentence or clause are not in the usual subject-verb-object order. p. 296
Schemes Anaphora Effective repetition for emphasis p. 297
Schemes Reversed Structures Changing the structure of a sentence for special effect, or to make it more memorable p. 297
Caution: While these techniques are extremely effective, if you over use them you will not achieve your goals. (“stacking the deck”) Watch the connotations of words
Caution The AP exam is not a “scavenger hunt” for language. AP essays are weakened by mere listing of fancy terms Always mark off style, but comment on how it relates to the substance!!!