Environmental Policy and Heritage Brian Egloff

1. Environmental Policy and Heritage Brian Egloff • Heritage Policy in Australia • ICOMOS and Burra Charter • Regional Forest Agreement Process • Returning lands to Aboriginal communities • National Parks (NSW) • Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 (NSW)

2. Heritage Policy in Australia 1900-40 & 1940-60 • Tourism • Scenery preservation • Heritage as a cult and pilgrimage • National Trust image of heritage • Rise of national parks

3. Heritage Policy in Australia 1970s and 1980s • professionalism • Green bans & political force of heritage • Registration • Legislation • ICOMOS and Burra charter • World Heritage

4. Heritage Policy in Australia 1980s and 1990s • Local, state and national process refined • Community participation • Regional approaches fostered • Significance as management focus • Assessment and judicial appeals • Cultural tourism and economics • Social values

5. Charters and Guidelines • Early Efforts • 1877 manifesto of SPAB (Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings) • 1931 Athens Charter (adopted at a congress on restoration of historic buildings) • 1964 Venice Charter and in 1965 ICOMOS formed at a meeting in Warsaw and adopts Venice Charter

6. Venice Charter 1964 • All kinds of historic buildings are records of the past and are worth of preservation • Conservation of buildings requires • Maintenance • Appropriate use • An appropriate setting • Remaining in its place

7. Significance & Burra Charter • 1974 Hope Inquiry • Survey extent and definition of National Estate • 1976 Australia ICOMOS • 1979 Burra Charter • Process • Significance • Authenticity • Fabric • Professionalism

8. Heritage Values • Social • Aesthetic • Scientific • Historic • Or other spiritual value for future generations as well as for the present community

9. Definitions • Place • Fabric • Conservation & Preservation • Maintenance • Restoration • Reconstruction • Adaptation • Compatible

11. Conservation Practice • Work is to be proceeded by professional studies and direction during work • Written statement of significance & conservation policy are a must • Minimal intervention with fabric • Responsibilities are to be recorded • Records are to be maintained

12. damanbalap • do as much as is necessary but as little as possible

13. 1975 was the turning point • Australian Heritage Commission • World Heritage legislation • Support for ICOMOS • Support for National Trusts • Conservation training at U of Canberra • National Estate grants program contingent on adhering to Burra Charter

14. The 90s

15. Regional Forest Assessment Process

16. Management Assessment • Commitment and policy framework • Planning • Implementation • Monitoring and compliance • Review and improvement

17. Assessment criteria • Public transparency • Scientific and technical basis • Indicators, standards and monitoring • Review and implementation of change • Education and training • Compliance

18. Biamanga National Park In 1978 the Wallaga Lake Aboriginal community asserted that the central massif of Mumbulla State Forest is sacred and significant

22. George Orwell 1984 He who controls the past controls the future Who controls the present controls the past

23. John Mumbler

25. Alfred William Howitt 1830 - 1908

28. Paths of inquiry • Anthropological research • Gubbo Ted Thomas • Historical • local community • Ethnographic • A.W. Howitt and R.H. Mathews • Archaeological (first but not foremost)

36. Key points • Yuin Tribal Council represents south coast Aboriginals who retain sufficient traditional concepts to serve as a basis to object to the endangering of a sacred place • Mumbulla Mountain is of significance as an area of past initiations • alteration of the landscape will seriously impact on the significance and values

37. Further points • report supports these statements • Yuin Tribal Council views should be respected • agreement on the management of the sacred places and the archaeological sites should be programmed • logging should cease until further studies are conducted

39. National Parks & Wildlife Service State Forests of New South Wales National Parks & Wildlife Service 1973 (amended) Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 Regional Forest Agreement process Legislation 1978 & 2001

40. Office of the Registrar of Aboriginal Owners • identify people with a cultural association with the land • descendents (direct biological) of the original inhabitants of the culture area (an antiquated anthropological concept) • cultural association (vague to say the least) to the lands and the rights that accrue from that association (diminished through time, perhaps)

41. Methodology • Close-up (Sue and Amanda) • acquire family histories • statements by members of community • Mid-level (Brian) • views of the elders • views of ‘community leaders’ • Overview (Nic) • distant and comparative perspective

42. Joint Management • Myth or reality • expectations beyond realisation • entrenched National Park Service processes • employment • reaffirmation of Aboriginality • process of social justice to off-set the failure of Commonwealth Native Title Act to deliver just outcomes