Another School Year--What For?

1. Another School Year--What For? ENTER

2. Text Appreciation Contents • Text Analysis • 1. Theme • 2. Structure • 3. Discussion • II. Writing Devices • 1. Language Style & Tone • 2. Metaphor • III. Sentence Paraphrase

3. Theme I. Text Analysis The author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created. The end of Theme.

4. Structure I. Text Analysis The writer describes his encounter with one of his students. Part 1 (Paras. 1— ): Part 2 (Paras. ): 8 The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created. 9—14 The end of Structure.

5. I. Text Analysis Discussion • As a college student, what do you think of the question put forward by the author? Give your own answer to the question, and compare it with the author’s. • After finishing reading the whole text, how do you evaluate the author’s answer? To be continued on the next page.

6. I. Text Analysis How does the writer present his argument? Introduction He introduces the topic with his encounter with a student and with two questions: Why should we go to university? Why should we learn literature, arts, philosophy, politics, etc.? Then he proceeds to give evidence to support his view: EvidenceA: distinction between technical training and university EvidenceB: How to spend the 8 hours of leisure time will decide whether you are capable of penetrating insight, whether you can be democratic, tasteful and above all, whether you can raise a civilized family. To be continued on the next page.

7. I. Text Analysis Answer/topic sentence: … the business of the college is to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. EvidenceC: Nobody gets to be a human being unaided, and books can aid us in becoming a civilized human, both in terms of techniques of mankind, and in terms of spiritual resources. Conclusion Reiteration and summary: the function of university and its faculty. The end of Discussion.

8. Language Style & Tone II. Writing Devices By way of using direct speech Style: Colloquial, familiar style Tone: Humorous and mildly sarcastic By way of using metaphors The end of Language Style & Tone.

9. Metaphor II. Writing Devices Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down… (Para. 1) New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. (Para. 2) That is about what I said, but this particular pest was not interested. (Para. 7) The end of Metaphor.

10. Language Study Contents • Word Study • Phrases and Expressions • Word Building • Grammar

11. I. Word Study Word list: • accomplishment • assume • certify • expose • faculty 6. generate 7. nevertheless 8. rear 9. species 10. suffice

12. I. Word Study 1. accomplishment n. sth. completed successfully; an achievement • Examples: • a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 • Among her accomplishments were • sewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing. To be continued on the next page.

13. I. Word Study accomplish v. to succeed in doing; to reach the end of • Examples: • accomplish one’s object 达到目的 • accomplish one’s mission 完成使命 • He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.

14. I. Word Study 2. assume v.a.to take for granted; to suppose b.to take upon oneself Word formation n. assumption a. assumptive • Examples: • They had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong. • assume responsibilities • assume another’s debts

15. I. Word Study 3. certify Word formation v. to confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine n. certification a. certified 有书 面证明的，已证 实的 • Examples: • The accounts were certified (as) correct. • He was certified (as) insane. • certified accountant 注册会计师

16. I. Word Study 4. expose v.a. to subject or allow to be subjected to an action or an influence 使受影响 b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to the action of light 使曝光 c.to make known (sth. discreditable); to reveal (the guilt or wrongdoing of) 揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为） To be continued on the next page.

17. I. Word Study • Examples: • The parents exposed their children to classical • music at home. • This film has been exposed. • The crime of the corrupt officials must be • exposed without any reserve.

18. I. Word Study 5. faculty n. a.any of the powers of the body or mind b.department or group of related departments in a university c.the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university • Examples: • the faculty of the sight; mental faculties • the Faculty of Law • The entire faculty of the university will attend • the meeting. To be continued on the next page.

19. I. Word Study cf. staff n. a. group of assistants working together in a business, etc. responsible to a manager or a person in authority b. those people doing administrative work • Examples: • the hotelstaff, the shopstaff • We need morestaffin the office. • I have astaffof ten. • a head teacher and herstaff校长及全体教工 • The schoolstaffare expected to supervise school meals.

20. I. Word Study 6. generate Word formation n. generation n. generator a. generative v. to produce as a result of a chemical or physical process • Examples: • a generating station 发电厂，发电站 • When coal burns, it generates heat. • generative reproduction 有性繁殖

21. I. Word Study 7. nevertheless adv. in spite of that, however • Examples: • She was very tired, nevertheless she kept • on working. • We are going nevertheless we shall return.

22. I. Word Study 8. rear v.a. to care for (children or a child) during the early stages of life; to bring up b. to tend (growing plants or animals) c. to rise high in the air; to tower n. a hind part 后面，后边；后边的部分 • Examples: • to rear a child • to rear poultry • to rear a monument to a person’s memory 为纪念 • 某人而建立纪念碑 • the rear of the hall

23. I. Word Study 9. species n. a fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding • Examples: • Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment. • The Origin of Species《物种起源》

24. I. Word Study 10. suffice Word formation v.to meet present needs or requirements a. sufficient n. sufficiency • Examples: • These rations will suffice until next week. • Fifty dollars will suffice me. • Fifty dollars will suffice for my needs. The end of Word Study.

25. II. Phrases and Expressions List: • 1. enroll in • 2. specialize in • 3. put it… • 4. go through • 5. see to it that • 6. preside over 7. be out to do sth. 8. be on one’s/the way to 9. The chances are that… 10. in essence 11. make… available

26. II. Phrases and Expressions 1. enroll in Word formation to place one’s name on a roll or register; to sign up 注册登记，注册、记录某人名字在花名册上；登记 n. enrollment • Example: • We enrolled in the army.

27. II. Phrases and Expressions 2. specialize in to concentrate on a particular activity or product 从事专门活动或销售专业产品 • Example: • The shopspecializes inmountain-climbing • gear.

28. II. Phrases and Expressions 3. put it… to express; to state 表达；陈述 • Examples: • to put it another way 换句话说 • to put it mildly 说得婉转些 • to put it strong 说得刻薄

29. II. Phrases and Expressions 4.go through a.to examine carefully 仔细检查 b.to experience • Examples: • John went through the students’ papers. • We went through hell while working on • this project.

30. II. Phrases and Expressions 5. see to it that to try to make sure that • Example: • The parents asked the girl to see to itthat her • younger brothers behave well at the table.

31. II. Phrases and Expressions 6. preside over to be in charge of • Examples: • preside over a meeting 主持会议 • preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点 • The manager presides over the business of • this store. 主持管理业务

32. II. Phrases and Expressions 7. be out to dosth. to try to do sth. • Example: • You professor raise your kids your way; I’ll take • care of my own. Me, I’m out to make money.

33. II. Phrases and Expressions 8. be on one’s/the wayto tobein the process of coming, going, or traveling • Examples: • She ison her way out the door. • Winter ison the way. • You areon your way to being that new species • of mechanized savage, the push-button • Neanderthal.

34. II. Phrases and Expressions 9. The chances are that… It is possible that… • Examples: • Thechancesare ten to one that the guest team • will win. • If you have some one on your mind, let her know. • Chances are you are on hers as well. cf. • There is a chance that I will see him these days. • Is there any chance of rain? To be continued on the next page.

35. II. Phrases and Expressions chance vi. to come about by chance; occur 偶然发生，出现 vt. to take the risk or hazard of 冒······的危险 • Examples: • It chanced that the train was late that day. • Although there is still hope, he is not not • willing to chance it.

36. II. Phrases and Expressions 10. in essence by nature; essentially 本质上；实质的 • Example: • In essence, leadership involves accomplishing • goals with and through people.

37. II. Phrases and Expressions 11. make… available to do sth. so that one thing can be used or can easily be bought or found • Examples: • Dental clinics shall be made available within ten • miles of each community. • Parking facilities were made available for the • disabled. The end of Phrases and Expressions.

38. III. Word Building List: • Suffix –ize • Suffix –fy

39. III. Word Building suffix capitalize e.g. dramatize 戏剧化 Hellenize 使希腊化 idolize 偶像崇拜 anesthetize 施以麻醉 • to cause to be or to • become 使成为 • b. to cause to conform to • or resemble 使······一致， • 使······相像 • c. to treat as 当作······对待 • d. to treat or affect with • 对待或影响 To be continued on the next page.

40. III. Word Building capitalize suffix e.g. tyrannize 压制 pasteurize 施行巴氏消毒 materialize 具体化 botanize 采集植物 e. to subject to 使服从 f. to treat according to or practice the method of 根据······对待或实施办法 g. to become; become like 成为；变得像 h. to perform, engage in, or produce 完成，从事于， 生产 To be continued on the next page.

41. III. Word Building suffix— -ize capital (a.) central (a.) final (a.) hospital (n.) ideal (a.) natural (a.) social (a.) • capitalize • centralize • finalize • hospitalize • idealize • naturalize • socialize To be continued on the next page.

42. III. Word Building suffix— -ize • apologize • civilize • fertilize • industrialize • realize • specialize • westernize apologetic (a.) civil (a.) fertile (a.) industrial (a.) real (a.) special (a.) western (a.) The end of Suffix -ize.

43. III. Word Building suffix clarify -fy—to cause to become; to make base (n.) clear (a.) class (n.) intense (a.) just (a.) note (n.) • basify 碱化 • clarify 澄清 • classify 分类 • intensify 加强 • justify 使正当 • notify 通知 To be continued on the next page.

44. III. Word Building suffix clarify -fy—to cause to become; to make pure (a.) quality (n.) simple (a.) unity (n.) terror (n.) • purify 净化 • qualify 使具有资格 • simplify 简化 • unify 统一 • terrify 使恐惧 The end of Word Building.

45. IV. Grammar • I. Observe the following sentences and study the related grammar. • New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. • There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized man. • As this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankind’s spiritual resources. To be continued on the next page.

46. IV. Grammar II. Grammar 1: concessive clause • New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this • specimen a number of things. Concessive clause, inverted sentence, meaning “though…” More examples: Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. To be continued on the next page.

47. IV. Grammar II. Grammar 2: infinitive • There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for • oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a • civilized man. Infinitive, functioning as modifier of “time” • More examples: • a lot of things to do • last one to leave • a man to rely on To be continued on the next page.

48. IV. Grammar II. Grammar 3: as… so structure • As this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true • of mankind’s spiritual resources. as… so 结构，so作为关联副词(conjunctive adverbs) More example: Just as the French love their wine, so the English love their beer. The end of Grammar.