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Media Semiotics: “Reading” Visual Texts, Part I. Michael Fitzgerald HU-3000 Winter, 2009. Basic semiotics/semiology. The study of signs and symbols Anything that represents or symbolizes something else is a “sign” What is represented is called “the signified”
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Media Semiotics:“Reading” Visual Texts,Part I Michael Fitzgerald HU-3000 Winter, 2009
Basic semiotics/semiology The study of signs and symbols Anything that represents or symbolizes something else is a “sign” What is represented is called “the signified” • A fever is a sign of ____________? • A rash is a sign of _____________? • A dark sky in the daytime is a sign of ___________? • Long shadows are a sign of ________________? A picture is a sign that represents something we could see if it were present Tropes (shortcuts): • synecdoche: a part that suggests the whole (“set of wheels”=“car”) • metaphor: one thing stands in for another (rose or heart=love) • metonym: a sign or word that represents a complex system of meanings, often mythical. • the flag (duty, honor, patriotism, nationalism) • Marilyn Monroe (female sexuality) • corporate logos (brand value) • other icons (this word has a special meaning in semiotics)
Denotative meaning The literal meaning of a sign. We often skip this stage.
Rene Magritte “This is not a pipe.” This is a picture (representation) of a pipe.
Connotative (interpretive) meaning What does the sign (or image) imply? Implications are culturally defined. • In our society, the picture of the Gerber baby is designed to evoke an affective (emotional) response. • In China, however, the convention is to put a picture of what is inside the can or jar.
What is its connotative (cultural) meaning? What is the denotative statement of this image? “Here is a (picture of) a smile.” “Have a nice day.”
What is the denotative statement of this image? “Here is a (picture of) a rose.” What is its connotative (cultural) meaning? “I love you.”