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Enhancing Time Use Statistics through Activity Classification

Explore the importance, design, and classifications of time use surveys. Identify the significance of activity coding and its impact on data collection and analysis. Learn about ICATUS approach and its structure for improved measurement of SNA work and international comparability.

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Enhancing Time Use Statistics through Activity Classification

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  1. International Workshop on Social Statistics Beijing, China, 22-24 November 2010 Margarita F Guerrero, Ph D Regional Advisor on Statistics guerrero@un.org United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Classifications of Activities forTime Use Statistics

  2. What are time use data? • who • does what • during a day • reference population • activity • time duration • number of episodes • for how long • how often • where • with whom • for whom • purpose • context

  3. Design of Time Use Surveys: Basic Components

  4. Listings of Activities in Pre-Coded Diaries

  5. 24-Hour Diary

  6. Next step- Activity Coding

  7. Classification of Activities for Time-use Statistics • Time-use data is all about people’s activities. • A classification of activities for time-use statistics (or “time use activity classification” • Is a detailed, comprehensive systematic listing of all possible activities

  8. Importance of Time Use Classification • This listing of activities is used to: • Assess completeness of coverage of activities of women and men, girls and boys • Guide the design of survey instruments (e.g.: 24-hour diary or stylised questionnaire? ‘full’ or ‘light’ time diary?) and selection of methods • Guide interviewer in eliciting responses at the level of detail required for the survey objectives • Basis for developing coding rules

  9. “Choice” of Classification • From objectives of data collection to … • Framework of analysis of time-use data to … • Analytical and tabulation categories of activities

  10. Objectives & Classifications • Historical standard: focus more on non-economic activities • Multinational Comparative Time Budget Research Project- Ås framework • Improving measurement of ‘work’, especially women’s work and unpaid work • National -- Armenia, China, India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, South Korea, Thailand, South Africa … • International– Trial International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics (ICATUS) • Others • Harmonized European TUS (HETUS)

  11. United Nations International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics ‘Trial’ ICATUS

  12. ICATUS Approach to Time-Use Classifications • Improve measurement of SNA work • Household production of goods for own final use • Subsistence agriculture • Collecting firewood • Fetching water • Production of household unincorporated enterprises, including informal sector enterprise • Provide a basis for valuation of unpaid work • International comparability

  13. All Activities Production*: Work** Non-production Learning W/in SNA production boundary Socializing & Community Participation Outside SNA production boundary ‘Free’ time Mass Media Personal Care & Maintenance * Productive activity: its performance can be delegated to another person and yield same desired results (“third person criterion”) ** Activities within “general production boundary”

  14. All Activities Productive*: Work** Non-Productive: Personal Learning “SNA-Work” Socializing & Community Participation “Non-SNA Work” Entertainment, sports, hobbies, games Mass Media Personal Care & Maintenance * Productive activity: its performance can be delegated to another person and yield same desired results (“third person criterion”) ** Activities within “general production boundary”

  15. In the ICATUS:SNA work 01- Work in the “formal sector” Work in unincorporated household enterprises 02- Primary production activities 03- Non-primary production activities 04- Construction activities 05- Providing services for income

  16. In the ICATUS:Non-SNA Work 06- Providing unpaid domestic services for own final use 07- Providing unpaid care-giving services to household members 08- Providing community services and help to other households

  17. In the ICATUS:Personal Activities 09- Learning 10- Socialising and community participation • 11- Attending/visiting cultural, entertainment and sports events/venues 12- Engaging in hobbies, games and other pastime activities 13- Indoor and outdoor sports participation 14- Use of mass media 15- Personal care and maintenance

  18. Structure and Coding of ICATUS • Major divisions (15) • 2-digit codes • Divisions within major divisions (54) • 3-digit codes • Groups within divisions (92) • 4-digit codes • Classes within groups (200) • 5-digit codes • Subclasses within classes (363) • 6-digit codes

  19. Structure of Major Divisions • Core activities • Related activities • Travel • For example: Major divisions 01 to 05 • Core activities: all work activities • Related activities: looking for work; setting up business • Travel: all travel on account of core and related activities

  20. Classifications & Analytical FrameworkÅs* framework: • Necessary time- serving basic physiologic needs • Contracted time- gainful employment and school attendance • Committed time- ‘obligation’ but for which a substitute service can be purchased • Free time- time which remains after other three types are accounted for * Dagfinn Ås (1978)

  21. Classifications & Analytical FrameworkApplying the ICATUS: • Basic framework • SNA work • Non-SNA work • Non-productive activities • Analysis of household production • SNA production in the household sector • Non-SNA production in the household sector

  22. Classifications & Analytical FrameworkICATUS and Ås* framework: • Necessary time- 15- Personal Care and Maintenance • Contracted time- 01-05 (SNA work); 09 (Learning) • Committed time- 06-08 (Non-SNA work) • Free time- 10-14 (time which remains after other three types are accounted for) * Dagfinn Ås (1978)

  23. Classifications & Analytical FrameworkApplying the ICATUS: Paid and Unpaid Work

  24. Harmonised European Time Use Survey: Activity Coding List ICATUS and HETUS

  25. The Fine Print • Almost all activities at division level and two-digit level of both lists are similar • Distinction between SNA and non-SNA work is more sharply delineated in ICATUS: examples of differences • SNA in ICATUS but Non-SNA work in HETUS  Household and family care • SNA work in both Household and family care in HETUS (major construction for own final use) • SNA work in ICATUS “Productive exercise” like hunting and fishing in HETUS Sports and outdoor activities

  26. The Fine Print • Individual religious practices • ICATUS: Personal care • HETUS: Volunteer work and meetings • Receiving personal and medical services • ICATUS: Personal care • HETUS: Household and family care • Resting • ICATUS: Personal care • HETUS: Social life and entertainment

  27. References • United Nations (2005). Guide to Producing Statistics on Time Use: Measuring Paid and Unpaid Work • European Communities (2009). Harmonised European Time Use Surveys: 2008 Guidelines

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