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Understanding Brain Cycles: Insights into Language Processing and Cortical Connectivity

This work delves into the intricate cycles within the human brain, focusing on language processing areas such as Broca's and Wernicke's areas. It discusses the functional interconnections between these areas and their role in sensory processing, supported by key research findings from various studies. Emphasizing both bottom-up and top-down processing, the paper explores thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical loops through techniques like MRI and DTI. The insights gained highlight the complexity of cortical pathways and their implications for understanding human cognition.

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Understanding Brain Cycles: Insights into Language Processing and Cortical Connectivity

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  1. CYCLES IN BRAIN Kaushik Majumdar Systems Science and Informatics Unit ISI, Bangalore Centre

  2. Talking and Understanding: Broca’s Area

  3. Talking and Understanding: Wernicke’s Area

  4. Cortical Interconnections

  5. Functional Areas

  6. Sensory Processing: Vision

  7. Engel et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci., Oct 2001 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing

  8. Jantzen et al., Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009 Feed Forward and Feed Back Connections

  9. Thalamo-Cortical Loops and Cortico-Cortical Loops

  10. Mumford, Biological Cybernetics, 65: 135 – 145, 1991. Schematic Thalamo-Cortical Connections

  11. Mumford, Biological Cybernetics, 65: 135 – 145, 1991. Thalamus as Active Black Board Process 1 Process 2 Process 4 Process 3 Shared Memory

  12. Mumford, Biological Cybernetics, 66: 241 – 251, 1992. Cortico-Cortical Pathways by Layer A B

  13. How to find the loops? • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) a) Granger causality b) Diffusion tensor imaging • Mathematical modeling

  14. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

  15. T1 and T2 Time

  16. MRI (cont)

  17. MRI (summarized) Grey matter White matter

  18. Wandell & Dougherty, SPIE Vol. 6057, 605701, 2006. www.csulb.edu/~cwallis/482/fmri/fmri.html Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI) x → y or y → x y x

  19. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Granger_causality Granger Causality

  20. C. Lenglet, PhD Thesis, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France, 2006. 3D Fiber Tracts of Human Brain

  21. Majumdar, Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2(1), 2008. Probabilistic Estimation of Loops Probability in each direction is 1/6. Z6 -Y -X 5 4 3 2 1 0 +X Probability of a cortical path to loop around is 0.2782. +Y

  22. THANK YOU

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