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Chapter One

Chapter One . What is Economics?. What is Economics? the study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices. What is the difference between a want and a need? Wants are items that we desire but are not necessary for survival.

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Chapter One

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  1. Chapter One What is Economics?

  2. What is Economics? • the study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices

  3. What is the difference between a want and a need? • Wants are items that we desire but are not necessary for survival. • Needs are something like air, food, or shelter that are necessary for survival.

  4. How do we satisfy our wants and needs? • We buy goods and services. What are “Goods”? • physical objects such as clothes or shoes. What are “Services” ? • actions or activities that one person performs for another such as haircuts or auto repair

  5. What choices have you had to make lately? Why do we have to make choices about which goods or services we can buy? The resources used to make goods and services are scarce. That makes the goods and services scarce.

  6. What is the difference between scarcity and shortage? • Scarcity means that there is a limited quantity of resources to meet unlimited wants and needs. • Shortage is a situation where a good or a service is temporarily unavailable. OUT OF STOCK

  7. All goods and services are produced using resources. • What is the term we use in economics that means resources? • Factors of Production: the three(four) groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services • What are the 3 (or four) factors of production? Land, Labor, Capital, and (Entrepreneurship)

  8. What is Land? • natural resources What is Labor? • the effort that peopleput into a task for which they are paid

  9. What is Capital? • any human-maderesource used to create all other goods and services What is Physical Capital? • tools, equipment, software, factories, and buildings

  10. What is Human Capital? • the skills and knowledge we gain through education and training (human-made)

  11. What is an Entrepreneur? • the person who organizes or combines land, labor and capital to create and market new goods and services- a business owner. • Who do you know that owns their own business? What type of business is it?

  12. Factors of Production Model LAND - cotton LABOR -seamstress ENTREPRENEUR –designer, business owner GOOD – t-shirt CAPITAL – thread, sewing machine.

  13. I will produce _____________________ by using ____________, ____________, (land) (labor) and __________________. (capital)

  14. Trade-offs • the choices we have when faced with a decision (sleep or study) Opportunity Cost • the most desirable alternative given up as the result of a decision(I chose sleep so my opportunity cost is studying) Guns or Butter • the choices a country must make when choosing whether to produce more or less military or consumer goods

  15. My ___________ is scarce so I had to choose between these trade-offs: ______ and __________. I chose _________, so my opportunity cost was _________.

  16. Production Possibilities Curve • a graph that shows alternative ways to use an economy’s resources Production Possibilities Frontier • the line on the graph that shows the maximum output possible. • The location of the frontier is determined by the amount of resources and technology available. • These are scarce so our ability to produce is limited. Production Possibilities Curve A B Production Possibilities Frontier military goods “guns” C D 0 consumer goods “butter”

  17. Production Possibilities Curve . A production possibilities curve shows the opportunity cost of producing more of one type of good or service. A . B . Opportunity Cost = 3 less military goods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Q Military goods in thousands C 1 more consumer good . D 1 2 3 4 5 6 Q Consumer goods in hundred thousands

  18. Production Possibilities Curve • Any points (production) along the frontier line (A,B,C, D) is efficient and possible • Any point (production) inside the frontier line (E) is possible butnot efficient. Resources are underutilized. . . • Any point outside of the frontier line (W) is not possible. We do not have the resources or the technology to produce it. W A . B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Q . Military goods E C . D 1 2 3 4 5 6 Q Consumer goods

  19. By adding more resources (land, labor or capital) or using the ones we have more efficiently (technology), the curve can shift outward ECONOMIC GROWTH Military goods in thousands Consumer goods in hundred thousands

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