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Impacts of Natural Gas Fuel Composition on Tailpipe Emissions and Fuel Economy

Impacts of Natural Gas Fuel Composition on Tailpipe Emissions and Fuel Economy. June 2000. PGOB3113-25 6/15/00. Test Protocol. 7 heavy-duty natural gas-powered test vehicles 4 natural gas test fuels—1 meeting ARB specs 3 drive cycles

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Impacts of Natural Gas Fuel Composition on Tailpipe Emissions and Fuel Economy

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  1. Impacts of Natural Gas Fuel Composition on Tailpipe Emissions and Fuel Economy June 2000 PGOB3113-25 6/15/00

  2. Test Protocol • 7 heavy-duty natural gas-powered test vehicles • 4 natural gas test fuels—1 meeting ARB specs • 3 drive cycles • 3 tests per cycle/fuel/vehicle condition. . .results shown are averages. . .additional statistics available PGOB3113-31a 5/00

  3. Highlighted areas denote out of spec components Test Fuel Composition NG FUEL COMPOSITION CARB SPEC #1 High C3+ #2 High Inerts/C3+ #3 High Ethane #4 Comm. Grade 87.25 5.84 3.06 0.28 0.55 0.08 0.07 0.05 2.37 0.45 0.00 100.00 999 82.06 7.11 3.83 0.35 0.63 0.06 0.04 0.00 4.99 0.94 0.00 100.01 983 87.11 8.25 1.81 0.09 0.17 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.88 0.64 0.00 100.00 973 94.97 3.02 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.59 1.20 0.03 100.00 905 METHANE ETHANE PROPANE ISO-BUTANE N-BUTANE ISO-PENTANE N-PENTANE C6+ C02 N2 OXYGEN TOTAL NET HEAT VALUE(BTU/CF) Min = 88.00 Max = 6.00 C3+ Max = 3.00 Range = 1.5-4.5 Max = 1.00 PGOB3113-29 11/99

  4. Drive Cycles Commuter • 4 mile, 360 second cycle • 1 acceleration/cruise/deceleration sequence Modified CBD • 6.3 mile, 1070 second cycle • 6 acceleration/cruise/deceleration/idle sequences. . .each acceleration to cruise has higher speed Modified CBD • 5.6 mile, 1060 second cycle • 6 different acceleration/cruise/deceleration/idle sequences PGOB3113-30 11/99

  5. Summary of Emissions Effects Based on the UDDS Cycle PGOB3113-26 11/99

  6. Commercial Grade 0.43 NMHC EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #1:School Bus Engine: MY ‘97 1.41 1.47 1.34 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-03 1/05/00

  7. Commercial Grade 1.90 NMHC EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #2:School Bus Engine: MY ‘99 1.79 1.89 1.81 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-07 1/05/00

  8. Commercial Grade 1.79 NMHC EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #3:School Bus Engine: MY ‘96 2.74 2.91 2.60 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-11 1/05/00

  9. Commercial Grade 1.97 NMHC EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #4:Crew Truck Engine: MY ‘99 2.87 2.97 2.71 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-23 1/05/00

  10. Commercial Grade 0.85 NMHC EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #5 Tractor Engine: MY ‘99/’00 3.24 3.34 2.71 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-36 5/15/00

  11. CO EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #1:School Bus Engine: MY ‘97 Commercial Grade .26 0.19 0.22 0.22 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-01 1/05/00

  12. CO EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #2:School Bus Engine: MY ‘99 Commercial Grade 0.68 0.72 0.78 0.75 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-05 1/05/00

  13. Commercial Grade 3.77 CO EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #3: School Bus Engine: MY ‘96 4.24 4.20 4.22 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-09 1/05/00

  14. Commercial Grade 3.12 CO EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #4: Crew Truck Engine: MY ‘99 3.54 3.44 3.43 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-21 11/99

  15. 8 Commercial Grade 6.45 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CO EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) • Test Vehicle #5: • Tractor • Engine: MY ‘99/’00 13.48 7.53 10.88 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-34 5/15/00

  16. Commercial Grade 7.62 NOX EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #1: School Bus Engine: MY ‘97 8.16 7.10 8.98 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-02 1/05/00

  17. Commercial Grade 10.34 NOX EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #2:School Bus Engine: MY ‘99 13.79 12.42 12.40 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-06 1/05/00

  18. Commercial Grade 11.39 NOX EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #3: School Bus Engine: MY ‘96 12.51 11.03 12.84 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-10 1/05/00

  19. Commercial Grade 5.96 NOX EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #4: Crew Truck Engine: MY ‘99 6.76 6.07 6.86 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-22 1/05/00

  20. Commercial Grade 4.53 NOX EmissionsClosed Loop System Emissions (Grams/Mi) Test Vehicle #5: Tractor Engine: MY ‘99/’00 6.46 4.47 6.10 High C3+ High Inerts/ C3+ High Ethane PGOB3113-35 5/15/00

  21. Natural Gas vs Diesel Engines NG engines deliver higher NMHC and CO emissions CO (grams/mi.) NMHC (grams/mi.) 600% Increase 200% Increase 1.35 9.45 0.05 0.16 Diesel Diesel Natural Gas Natural Gas Based on: 1997 DD Series 50 (diesel) and 1996 Cummins L10 (natural gas) engines in transit buses on UDDS cycle PGOB3113-33 12/99

  22. Natural Gas vs Diesel Engines NG engines deliver lower NOX and particulate emissions NOX (grams/mi.) Particulates (grams/mi.) 33% Reduction 18.1 0.17 75% Reduction 12.3 0.04 Diesel Diesel Natural Gas Natural Gas Based on: 1997 DD Series 50 (diesel) and 1996 Cummins L10 (natural gas) engines in transit buses on UDDS cycle PGOB3113-32 12/99

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