Japan, Korea and Vietnam

1. Japan, Korea and Vietnam Review for Global Regents exam

2. Geography

3. Japanese Geography • Island nation, chain of mts in Pacific off coast of China • 4 main islands & 3,000 smaller island • Called Ring of Fire because of earthquakes and volcanoes

4. Effects of Japanese Geography • People had to live along coasts or on narrow river valleys • Isolated from invasion • Respect for forces of nature due to tsunamis, volcanoes and earthquakes

5. Japanese Religion - Shintoism • Shinto means way of the gods • Worship Kami – spirits in living and non living things

6. Japan and Cultural Diffusion • Korea was bridge between China and Japan • Japanese ruler sent nobles to study in China • Imported traditions, food, style of dress & system of writing from China • Capital city modeled after Chinese capital • Japanese nobles adopt Chinese tea ceremony, music, dance and gardens

7. Korea the bridge between China and Japan • Cultural diffusion occurred due to war and trade • Koreans brought Buddhism to Japan – Zen Buddhism spread throughout Japan • Zen Buddhists value peace, simple living, nature and beauty • Confucian ideas of family, loyalty and respect for learning took hold

8. Feudal Japan • Armies battled for power, local warlords fought one another • Emperor still ruled in name but powerful warrior nobles controlled the country

9. Feudal Society in Japan • Shoguns had real power • Daimyo – vassal lords • Samurai – those who serve followed code of Bushido and swore loyalty to Daimyo

10. Tokugawa Shogunate • 1603 the Tokugawa Shogunate came to power bringing peace and stability to Japan for 300 years • Created centralized government • Stopped daimyo from fighting and est. a capital at Edo, now Tokyo • Economic prosperity, new seeds, new tools, towns linked by roads, trade increased and wealthy merchant class emerged • HOSTILE to foreigners – strict isolation

11. Global Interactions 1400s 1500s 1600s Korea traders Korea conquered Korea isolates travel all over by Japan from foreigners East Asia Japan no Japan welcomes Japan isolated Contact with European traders itself for 200 Europeans years

12. Korea • At times China has taken over Korea • Korea adapted Chinese Civil Service exams and the making of porcelain – Celadon • From China came Buddhism, Confucian ideas, writing, art styles and printing • It was a cultural bridge to Japan

13. Japan and Meiji Restoration • 1853 US sailed into Edo Bay ending 200 years of isolation • Commodore Matthew Perry presented a letter to the Japanese from the US government asking Japan to open ports to trade • Treaty of Kanagawa was signed and opened two Japanese ports to trade and refueling • A rebellion against the Shogun put the Emperor back in power and Japan on the road to modernization

14. Meiji Modernization • Meiji means enlightened rule • Borrow from the West: government, technology and customs • Economic changes: Zaibatsu – powerful banking and industrial families • Strong central government • Military power: defeated China for Korea, Sino-Japanese war of 1894 and Russia for Manchuria, the Russo-Japanese War 1904-5– first time an Asian country defeated a Western power

15. Causes of Militarism Unhappy over loss of traditions Loss of foreign markets due to depression Unemployment Poverty Feelings of nationalism Demand for expansion of empire Effects of Militarism 1931 attack on Chinese province of Manchuria Withdrawal from League of Nations Anti-western feelings End of democratic freedoms Renewed traditions and honor to the Emperor Renewed expansion into China Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki – defeat of Japan by US Japan Militarism and Expansion

16. Democracy in Japan • Trials held to punish war criminals • Gen. Douglass MacArthur supreme commander • Constitutional monarchy • Diet- a democracticaly elected legislature • Women gained right to vote • Basic rights – freedom of press and speech

17. Korean War 1950-1953 • After WW II Korea was divided at the 38th parallel. US occupied S. Korea and the Soviet Union occupied North Korea • N. Korea invaded the South. UN forces prevented a takeover • A truce was signed in 1953

18. Favorable balance of trade Well educated skilled workforce High tariffs and strict regulation to limit foreign competition Four nations known as Asian Tigers: Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea Followed the Japanese model Rapid industrialization and prosperity Initially S. Korea exported inexpensive goods now they export high priced goods, such as autos. Japan an Economic PowerhouseSouth Korea an Asian Tiger

19. Korea Today • North Korea is led by Kim Jong Un, a communist dictator who has nuclear capability • North Korea is a threat to peace in the region

20. Crisis in Vietnam • Prior to WW II Vietnam was a French Colony • After WW II the French tried to reassert control • The Vietnamese resisted • 1954 Vietnam was divided at 17th parallel. • North Vietnam was ruled by communist leader Ho Chi Minh and the South was led by US backed non-communist Ngo Dinh Diem

21. Ho Chi Minh’s philosophy from Mao “When guerrillas engage a stronger enemy, they with draw when he advances; harass him when he stops; strike him when he is weary; pursue him when he withdraws. In guerrilla strategy, the enemy’s rear, flanks, and other vulnerable spots are his vital points, and there he must be harassed, attacked, dispersed, exhausted and annihilated.” ~Mao Tse-tung

22. Ho Chi Minh Trail • The Ho Chi Minh Trail was a complex web of different jungle paths that enabled communist troops to travel from North Vietnam to areas close to Saigon. • The National Liberation Front received about sixty tons of aid per day from this route. • Most of this was carried by porters. Occasionally bicycles and ponies would also be used.

23. Vietnamese success American forces are not able to defeat the North Vietnamese 1973 US pulls out 1975 North Vietnamese invade and capture Saigon.

24. Vietnam Today • Vietnam is united under communist control • Entered into relations with the United States

25. Good Luck on the Regents Exam