CHAPTER 9 Mental Disorders

1. CHAPTER 9Mental Disorders Objectives: 1. Compare and contrast organic and functional disorders. 2. Describe the four categories of functional mental disorders.

2. MENTAL DISORDERS • What are they??? • Rooted in emotional, psychological, physical, or biochemical problems. • Can interfere with normal functioning with self, others, and even society. • Can differ from person to person and episode to episode.

3. Mental Disorder • An illness of the mind • Affects the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person • Prevents them from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.

4. Can you think of any individuals, characters, etc. who suffer from a mental illness? • http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ocd+video+clips+sheldon&view=detail&mid=D02CDDD8AE0A6B74CA78D02CDDD8AE0A6B74CA78&FORM=VIRE • Big Bang Theory

5. What are some misconceptions about mental illness? • Stigma- Negative stereotype

6. Organic Disorder • Caused by a physical illness or an injury that affects the brain. • What are some examples???

7. Organic Disorder Causes • Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections such as: • Syphilis – Bacterial STD that can have serious long-term effects like paralysis, blindness and death. • Meningitis- Is a viral or bacterial disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord • Lupus –Autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces antibodies to cells within the body leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. • Stroke- Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing brain tissue to die. • *Concussion - A type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull. Symptoms- Confusion, dizziness, headache, memory loss, sensitivity to light and sound, Nausea, personality changes

8. Functional Disorders • Psychological causes • No clear brain damage is involved. • Result from conditions such as stress, emotional conflict, fear, or poor coping skills.

9. Chemical imbalances may also cause functional disorders. • Four main categories: Anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, affective disorders, personality disorders.

10. Anxiety Disorder – An illness in which real, imagined, or persistent fears prevent a person from enjoying life. • Characterized by continuous, chronic anxiety.

11. Do you have any phobias??? • Specific fears that are so strong, a person goes to extreme measures to avoid the object or activity.

12. Anxiety Disorders: • Phobias • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • As Good As It Gets • Scene 2 • Panic Disorder • Post-Traumatic Stress

13. Somatoform Disorder • Describes an illness in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found. • Hypochondria • “MY GIRL”

14. Affective Disorder • A mood disorder often with an organic cause • Mood swings or mood extremes that interfere with everyday living. • Bipolar, Depression

15. Personality Disorders • A variety of psychological conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along with others.

16. Personality Disorders • Antisocial Personality Disorder- Aggressive / Violent • Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder • Borderline Personality Disorder

17. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL): • 19.3 percent of high school students have seriously considered killing themselves. • 14.5 percent of high school students made actual plans. • 900,000 youth planned their suicides during an episode of major depression. • save.org / Suicide Facts

18. Risk Factors • Rejection by friends or peers. • Substance abuse. • Death of someone close to the teenager. • The suicide of a friend or someone he or she "knows" online. Divorce of parents. • Violence in the home. • Inability to find success at school. • Feelings of worthlessness. • Other family members have committed suicide

19. Bullying & Suicide • The statistics on bullying and suicide are alarming: • Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people, • resulting in about 4,400 deaths per year, according to the CDC. • For every suicide among young people, there are at least 100 suicide attempts. • A study in Britain found that at least half of suicides among young people are related to bullying • According to statistics nearly 30% of students are either bullies or victims of bullying • 160,000 kids stay home from school every day because of fear of bullying

21. What are some Warning Signs? • Drop in grades, quitting team, apathy- no longer caring • In a happier mood all of a sudden • Showing signs of depression, like ongoing sadness, withdrawal from others, losing interest in favorite activities, or trouble sleeping or eating • Talking about or showing an interest in death or dying • Engaging in dangerous or harmful activities, including reckless behavior, substance abuse, or self injury • Giving away favorite possessions and saying goodbye to people • Saying or expressing that they can’t handle things anymore • Making comments that things would be better without them • They are being bullied • Going through a break-up • Cluster Suicides – several suicides occurring around the same time and place.

22. How can you prevent this from happening to someone you know? • Take all threats and talk of suicide seriously • Talk to them / Stress that most problems are temporary • Don’t leave them alone • Lock up weapons/guns and medication that could be in the home • Help them talk to someone / Don’t ignore signs or keep it a secret • Parents should talk to school if they suspect bullying and should monitor social media • Call 911 if you feel they are in danger • They can also call a free suicide hotline, such as 1-800-273-TALK (8255).

23. Treatment • Psychotherapy – Dialogue between patient and psychiatrist. • Behavior Therapy – Changing unwanted behaviors • Psychoanalysis – An analysis of patient’s past. • Medical Psychotherapy – Use combination of meds. And therapy.

24. Neurologist- Is a specialist that deals with Organic Disorders of the brain and nervous system. • Can prescribe meds and may perform surgery if necessary Psychiatrist- Can diagnose, treat disorders and prescribe medication.

25. Clinical Psychologist • Diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders. • Cannot prescribe medication • Practices basic counseling, therapy, and can test for certain mental disorders

26. Counselors • School, Pastoral, Addiction • Usually help young people in personal or educational matters • Have a Master’s degree

27. Psychiatric Social Worker • Usually works in mental hospitals or mental health clinics. • May work for a family service agency that aids clients who have emotional problems. • Usually have a Master’s degree

28. STRESS Symptoms of Stress: Headaches Asthma High Blood Pressure Weak Immune System Gastrointestinal Issues • Distress – Negative stress caused by a stressor • Examples? • Eustress – Positive stress or “butterflies” • Examples?

29. How do we Manage it? Strategies: • *Plan Ahead • Get enough sleep • Eat healthier • Move your booty! • Talk it out • Keep a journal • Hobbies • Meditation / Yoga

30. Resiliency

31. Equanimity • e·qua·nim·i·ty • [ˌekwəˈnimədē] • NOUN • mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation: • "she accepted both the good and the bad with equanimity“ • synonyms: composure · calm · level-headedness· self-possession· coolheadedness · presence of mind · serenity · tranquility ·