National Adaptation Programme of Actions (NAPAs) Moving From Assessment And Planning To Action

1. National Adaptation Programme of Actions (NAPAs)Moving From Assessment And Planning To Action By Mozaharul Alam Research Fellow Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS) Climate Change and Sustainable Development:An international workshop to strengthen research and understanding 7-8 April New Delhi, India

2. About Presentation Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC Steps and Processes of NAPA Preparation – Annotated Guideline Status of Completion of NAPAs Types of Adaptation Projects and Interventions Proposed in NAPAs Elements and Status of Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA Some Remarks

3. Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC Article 4.9 of the Convention (Special Situation of LDC) Take full account of the specific needs and special situations of the LDCs in their actions Funding and technology transfer Characteristics of LDCs Low GDP/capita Low level of human development Dependent mostly on a single economic activities – natural resource base Low level of adaptive capability

4. Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC SB 13 in Lyon, France in September 2000 Formation of LDC Group Geneva; October 2000 NAPA Concept Born COP6 in the Hague in November 2000 NAPA Officially Proposed Kampala, Uganda in April 2001 (before SB 14) Developed first draft of the guideline for NAPA

5. Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC CoP 6bis in Bonn in July 2001 NAPA receive COP endorsement Maldives; October 2001 LDC group drafts negotiating proposals COP 7, decisions known as Marrakech Accords 3 decisions adopted related to LDC and NAPA LDC funds for Preparation of NAPA (UNEP and UNDP) Establishment of LDC Expert Group Adopted Terms of References of the LEG

6. Synthesis and identification of important sectors and their vulnerabilities Review Available Impact Assessments, Coping Strategies, Past Consultations, Trends and Existing Development Framework Steps and Processes of NAPA Preparation – Annotated Guideline • Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) • Methods and Framework used in earlier studies • UNEP Methodology Develop V&A Assessment Methodology for Sectoral Assessment • Previous Studies • Report on coping strategies to extreme events (cyclone, floods, storm surge and droughts • National Water Management Plan • PRSP • National Development Policy & Plan • Sectoral Development Policies & Plans Assessment of Sectoral Vulnerability and Identification of Potential Adaptation Measures Conduct Sub-national Stakeholder Consultations Aiming at Identification of Potential Ideas for Activities, and Cross-check Current Impacts and Potential Increase in Climate Hazards and Associated Risks Articulate Potential NAPA Activities based on Ideas from Consultations and V&A Sectoral Assessment Report Multidisciplinary Team (NAPA Team, SWG) Undertake Criteria Development Prioritization Process (Ranking the Criteria) Conduct National Stakeholders Consultation Rank Projects/Activities and Demonstrate Integration into National Policy Frameworks and Programme Preparation of NAPA Document along with Profile of Potential Projects

7. Status of NAPA Preparation UNDP is involved in preparing NAPA in 29 countries 5 Countries have completed NAPA (Bangladesh, Bhutan…) 7 Countries are in advance stage of completion 17 Countries have started their activities UNEP is involved in preparing NAPA in 16 countries 2 Countries have completed NAPA 7 Countries are in advance stage of completion 2 countries have not started yet WB is involved in preparing NAPA in 2 countries

8. Types of Adaptation Projects and Interventions Proposed in NAPAs Water resources Rainwater harvesting and storage for domestic and irrigation water supplies Protection of water supply sources Improved water resource planning to accounting for heightened variability and vulnerability Food security and agriculture No-till agriculture techniques Improvements of seasonal weather forecasting for crops Increased use of traditional crops to reduce crop-production variability Development of drought and salt tolerant varieties

9. Types of Adaptation Projects and Interventions Proposed in NAPAs Health Monitoring the incidence of and expanding control of vector-borne diseases at and beyond current boundaries Disaster preparedness and risk management Awareness raising Information dissemination Disaster resistant settlement and shelter Infrastructure Regulations and codes for buildings, roads, etc. Natural resources management Community-based adaptation Mangrove restoration Sustainable fisheries

10. Status and Elements of Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA GEF has prepared Programming Paper based on Parties Decisions There was formal and informal discussion on the Programming Paper between GEF and LDC country Parties GEF and LDC hold a consultation meeting on 4-6 April 2006 at Dhaka to finalize Programming Paper Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA is almost at the Final Stage

11. What does not apply? • No incremental cost • No global benefits • No RAF • No precedent for the GEF trust fund Key Elements of the Programming Paper What does apply? Additional cost Full cost Sliding Scale New approach to co-financing and cost sharing Expedited project cycle

12. Key Elements of the Programming Paper Additional Cost Definition: the costs imposed on vulnerable countries to meet their immediate adaptation needs (Decision 3/CP.11) Consequently: The LDCF will provide financing for the additional cost imposed on vulnerable LDC countries to meet their urgent and immediate needs, as identified in their NAPAs.

13. Key Elements of the Programming Paper Full Cost When additional costs coincide with the total cost of the project Adaptation interventions constitute 100% of the activity There are no baseline activities and therefore baseline costs are zero The full cost of the project (independent from the sliding scale) will be covered by the LDCF

14. Key Elements of the Programming Paper Who to Estimate Additional Cost Two options Additional cost estimation => explaining what are the baseline costs, project costs and the additional costs Use sliding scale as a shortcut => agreed % of baseline and additional costs to save time and money Baseline co-financing should include costs of existing activities in agriculture, health, water and other affected sectors

15. Key Elements of the Programming Paper Proposed Sliding Scale for the LDCF Less than $200,000 (total cost) => 100% LDCF $200K to $500K (total cost) => 75% LDCF $500K to $6 M (total cost) => 50% LDCF $6 M to $18 M (total cost) => 33% LDCF total cost over $18M => 25% LDCF

16. From preparation to implementation: Operational steps The NAPA must be completed After NAPA completion, each LDC is invited to develop and submit project proposal (s) to address the urgent and immediate needs prioritized by their NAPA How to proceed? Step one: choice of the IA (existing modality) Step two: start preparing a project proposal Step three: developing a project proposal Step four: project submission for Pipeline Entry

17. Outlook: Financial resources for NAPA implementation Existing LDCF resources: $22M Pledging meeting, April 28, 2006 Donors are planning to contribute to the fund on an annual basis Rough estimate of resources needed for the first round of NAPA implementation: $2-3 M average => $88 - $150M range (as a start)

18. Some Remarks Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA is almost ready and most of the elements are acceptable by LDC countries LDC has suggested some changes particularly slab of sliding scale and co-financing Adaptation projects focused on development Understanding what urgent and immediate actions are needed to achieve “climate-resilient” development is one of the major challenges How to integrate climate change risks and adaptation measures into development projects and activities

19. Some Remarks How to implement these actions on the ground (capacity and governance) Necessary to bring a wide range of expertise and experience on the ground Enhancing partnerships and networks of stakeholders, with expertise on water, agriculture, health, disaster risk management ad other vulnerable development sectors Flexibility and learning by doing is important

20. Thank You