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NAV 7

NAV 7. VOR and ADF. VOR. VOR Head. TO/FROM indicator or sense indicator Course Deviation Indicator or left/right needle or Track Bar Indicator Omni Bearing selector or Course selector. C172 INSTRUMENT PANEL. VHF Receiver. INSTRUMENT PANEL. VOT.

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NAV 7

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  1. NAV 7 VOR and ADF

  2. VOR

  3. VOR Head TO/FROM indicator or sense indicator Course Deviation Indicator or left/right needle or Track Bar Indicator Omni Bearing selector or Course selector

  4. C172 INSTRUMENT PANEL

  5. VHF Receiver

  6. INSTRUMENT PANEL

  7. VOT

  8. COVERAGE - IF AT MRA, 50 NM - RECEPTION DISTANCE IS 1.23 x √ ALTITUDE

  9. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONOperation of the VOR is based on a phase difference between two signals – a reference phase and a variable phase. The reference phase, which is omni directional, radiates from the station in a circular pattern, the phase being constant throughout 360 degrees. The variable phase rotates uniformly at 1800 rpm causing its phase to vary at a constant rate.

  10. Magnetic North is the reference datum for measuring the phase difference between the two signals. At Magnetic North, the two signals are exactly in phase. At other points around the compass, the phase difference varies accordingly. The aircraft equipment resolves the phase difference and displays it primarily in the form of angular displacement from Magnetic North as measured from the VOR station.

  11. TRACK BAR DEFLECTIONS

  12. VOR EQUIPMENT CHECKS

  13. TRACKING AWAY FROM A STATION

  14. TRACKING TO A STATION

  15. VOR RELIABILITY At the VOR facility, a monitoring system and two transmitters insure continuous reliable service. If the VOR signal is interrupted or the phasing is changed, the monitor system turns off defective equipment, turns on the stand-by transmitter, and excites an alarm at the remote control station. When a VOR is “on the air” while servicing is taking place, the station identification is removed.

  16. FREQUENCY RANGES

  17. ADF – Automatic Direction Finder

  18. ADF – Automatic Direction Finder • Receiver tune and identify • LF/MF 2 or 3 letter Morse code • ILS locator 1 letter Morse code • Signal also powers bearing indicator • Antennae • Loop senses direction of station • Sense provides info if bearing to or from station • Bearing indicator • Points to station relative to nose or axis • Fixed card 0o is nose and 180o is tail

  19. ADF • FUNCTIONS • AIRWAYS • AIR ROUTES • ILS LOCATORS – MARKER BEACONS • MARINE BEACONS • NDB APPROACHES • COMMERCIAL BROADCAST

  20. ADF

  21. ADF LIMITATIONS • TWILIGHT EFFECT • JUST BEFORE/AFTER SUNSET/SUNRISE - fly high • GREATER AT GREAT DISTANCE – use less than 350 khz • TERRAIN or MOUNTAIN EFFECT • SHORELINE – signals crossing at less than 30o • ELECTRICAL STORMS • BANK ERROR – ALL TURNS • LOOP ANTENNAE ROTATES TO SENSE DIRECTION OF INCOMING SIGNAL AND IS MOUNTED PARALLEL TO NORMAL AXIS

  22. ADF ADVANTAGES • LOW COST INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE • NOT LINE OF LINE OF SIGHT SO GIVES GREATER RECEPTION AT LOWER ALTITUDES THAN VOR • PRIMARY NAVIGATION OVER LONG DISTANCE IN REMOTE AREAS

  23. TRACKING TO THE STATION • PARALLEL TRACK • DESIRED TO HEAD DETERMINES THE TURN • LEFT TURN DESIRED TRACK – INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING • RIGHT TURN DESIRED TRACK + INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING

  24. TRACKING FROM THE STATION • PARALLEL TRACK • TAIL TO DESIRED DETERMINES THE TURN • LEFT TURN DESIRED TRACK – INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING • RIGHT TURN DESIRED TRACK + INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING

  25. SOME RULES • WHEN INTERCEPTING A TRACK TO OR FROM A STATION, BEARING INDICATOR ALWAYS AWAY FROM 0 OR TOWARDS 180 2. WHEN TURNING, IF HEADING INDICATOR INCREASES, THEN ADF BEARINGINDICATOR (VALUE) DECREASES HI LESS, ADF MORE • WHEN TRACKING, NEEDLE RIGHT? YES, THEN WIND IS FROM THE RIGHT SO TURN RIGHT, ETC. • MAGNETIC HEADING + RELATIVE BEARING = MAGNETIC BEARING TO THE STATION MH + RB = MB TO THE STATION MH = MB – RB RB = MB - MH

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