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Enhancing Attention with Neurobiologically Plausible Methods

Explore the process of attention as gaining control over possible objects or thoughts, focusing on optimizing estimates of precision during sensory data inference. Understand how attention influences cognitive processes through selective and voluntary enhancements. Discover the neurobiological basis of attention and how it can be altered through various methods. Dive into mathematical precision and the hierarchical nature of attentional effects, as well as the impact of cues and targets on cognitive tasks.

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Enhancing Attention with Neurobiologically Plausible Methods

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Attention as Gain Control Harriet Brown With 1 equation!

  2. James (1890) “It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought.”

  3. James (1890) “It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought.” Voluntary Enhances processing Selective

  4. Voluntary and involuntary Enhances processing Selective Flexible Neurobiologically plausible Clear evolutionary motivation

  5. Friston (2010) • “Attention is the optimisation of estimates of precision during hierarchical inference of the causes of sensory data.”

  6. Low precision High precision The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

  7. precision-weighted prediction error Forward prediction error Backward predictions

  8. Attend RF, no drug Attend away, no drug Attend RF, scopolamine Attend away, scopolamine No drug Scopolamine Herrero et al. (2008)

  9. Jensen, Kaiser & Lachaux (2007) Bauer et al. (2006)

  10. Summary • Attention is the optimisation of estimates of precision during hierarchical inference of the causes of sensory data • (Mathematical) precision is (neurobiological) superficial pyramidal cell gain • SPC gain can be altered through long-range neurotransmitters or gamma-synchrony • Second-order predictions from higher hierarchical levels transmit top-down attentional effects

  11. Posner Paradigm Invalid Cue Valid Cue Cue Target

  12. 400 350 Reaction time (ms) 300 invalid neutral valid 250

  13. vL vC vR + + + xL xR constant = = = yL yC yR

  14. hidden states hidden causes 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 50 100 150 200 250 300 time (ms) time (ms)

  15. hidden causes 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 time (ms)

  16. Simulated results

  17. High-level representation Task-relevance Attention Visual Salience Change Emotional Valence

  18. target responses with valid and invalid cues Luck et al, (1997) Attendeffective Spike rate (Hz) 0 Ignore effective Peristimulus time (ms) 50 100 150 200 250 300 time (ms)

  19. Itti & Baldi, 2009 Friston et al., 2012

  20. Attended Response Unattended Time Attended Response Unattended Time

  21. Cue Target

  22. Voluntary and involuntary Enhances processing Selective Adaptable Neurobiologically plausible Clearly motivated

  23. Thanks for listening!

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