Enrichment

1. Enrichment “Animal Well-Being”

2. Animal Welfare Act • The 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act called for providing an environment for laboratory primates that is 'adequate to promote (their) psychological well-being.' Because this term was difficult to define, 'environmental enrichment" was proposed as language that is more useful for implementation as the U.S. Department of Agriculture regulates the Act.

3. What is Environmental Enrichment? • Techniques in captive animal husbandry which attempt to meet the physical and psychological needs of an animal in an enclosure with respect to the veterinary/medical, biology and behavioral/ecological factors in line with the species natural history.

4. My own definition: • Enrichment is when the animals have FUN

5. Natural environmentLab • Field studies of nonhuman primates have demonstrated that they employ high levels of cognitive, social, and behavioral skills to meet the challenges of their natural environment

6. Environmental Enrichment is Important for 3 Reasons: 1.- Improve the physical condition and psychological of captive animals. 2.- It’s more interesting and educational for the visitors at the zoo. 3.- Help to preserve different species on different ways: a) Increase the reproduction of endangered species. b) Animals develop normal behaviors. c) Life span is longer.

8. Enrichment: a) Allow animals to develop their own species behavior. b) Allow animals to take control of their own lives. c) Eliminate the frustration and boredom. d) Make the environment more interesting in captivity. e) Allow animals to be more active

9. ¿CONOCES A TU ANIMAL(S) QUE VAS A ENRIQUECER? 1.- Individual Records (behavioral, medical) 2.- Natural history of the species 3.- Individual personality (eg shy or curious) 4.- Hierarchical position 5.- Style and preference in obtaining their food, knowing that the food is used as the first activity 6.- General skills . An animal that has not been enriched probably do not have the same skills as a wild animal 7.- Personal locomotion, ex. an animal with arthritis will move with a unique style for its physical limitation

10. How can you enrich an animal exhibit/cage? • Physical Environment • Social Environment • Diet • Senses • Operational

11. Swinging and climbing Lab • Swings and climbing apparatuses can be made of flexible PVC tubing, metal bars, cargo nets, or plastic milk crates. Obviously, the selection must be based on safety for the animal, utility, sanitizability, and durability.

12. Physical Environment

16. Jungle gym Lab • Enrichment through social contact can be provided in an exercise environment, as well as in the housing area. The mixed age and mixed sex group shown here has access to a quarter-acre corral that contains a jungle gym.

17. Playgrounds

19. Cage furniture Lab • Some animals may bully others by direct eye contact. Cage "furniture" such as shelves, perches, and places to escape or hide should be staggered along the room walls to minimize the amount of direct eye contact the primates would be forced to make if all furniture were aligned at the same level

20. Busy-box toyLab • Toys suitable for pre-school age children can often withstand rough treatment from infant monkeys. These two camera-shy cynomolgus infants spend most of their time near this "busy-box' toy. • Of course, for large infant primates, the size of the toy must increase proportionately, as must the amount of abuse the toy can withstan

21. Furniture

22. Furniture

24. Mirrors • Plexiglas mirrors can be used in a primate holding room to allow the animals fuller visual communication with each other

25. Baboon corral Lab • This large enclosure housing baboons contains numerous concrete culverts that provide shelter for the animals, perching substrates, as well as places to retreat from other animals during bouts of aggression.

26. Lab • When interspecies combinations of animals are planned, it is essential that the species have similar communication signals and behaviors.

27. Social Environment

29. Social

30. Staff in playroom Lab • A third social contact option is direct contact with humans, which can be a rewarding experience for all participants if properly conducted. It is, however, a time-consuming demand on staff, and it may be appropriate to train volunteers or hire additional staff for this purpose.

31. Staff training primateLab • At times, human interaction occurs in an experiment-related context, such as during the training phase of sampling procedures when an animal is being trained to extend its leg for a blood sample

32. Staff in exercise areaLab • Non-experiment human-primate interaction can occur during an exercise time. Providing toys at that time that are not otherwise available to the animals can provide further stimulation and add variety to the situation.

33. Diet

35. Senses

36. Operational

38. PVC pipes

40. Food puzzleLab • Increased activity in a social setting has already been described. However, increased activity, or play, can also occur in a non-social context. This image illustrates a toy suspended outside of the cage and a food puzzle. Food pellets are manipulated until they fall to the bottom cell, where they can be taken out.

41. Size/Form Complex/Elements a) Visual barriers b) Structures to claim and move c) Substrates d) Places for rest and sleep e) Temporally elements

43. Blankets Lab • Blankets can also provide extra warmth in the cage or security to infant primates.

48. Items to Manipulate. a) Toys b) Forage