SMART INCO-MED kick-off meeting, January 5/6 2003 CEDARE, CAIRO

1. SMART INCO-MEDkick-off meeting,January 5/6 2003CEDARE, CAIRO DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, Austria kurt@ess.co.at http://www.ess.co.at Environmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen

2. SMART: Project Overview • 3 year duration to August 2005 • Started: September 2002 • Current PM: 5 • 9 partners and countries • 12 work packages • 5 case studies: TR,LB,JO,EG,TU

3. SMART: Objectives Develop policy guidelines for ICZM, emphasis on water resources • Conflicting water use • Resource economics • Quantitative analysis using indicators, models, and expert systems • Public information, Internet • Case studies, collaborative network within and between countries

4. SMART: Technical Objectives • Model integration, linkage through expert systems technology • Linkage of models and aggregate policy level indicators • Linkage of models and public information (Internet)

5. SMART: Work Plan Phases • Requirements analysis, data availability, specifications • Data compilation, tool development • Parallel case studies • Comparative evaluation, dissemination.

6. SMART: Milestones 1 PM 09 End of preparatory phase, first workshop 2 PM 12 Methods and tools prototypes ready, start of operational phase 3 PM 18 Case studies implemented, first results of scenario analysis 4 PM 24 Analysis and assessment phase initiated 5 PM 30 Case studies completed, final comparative analysis 6 PM36 Project and reporting completed

7. SMART: work packages WP 0: Coordination and Administration ESS, PM 1-36 Communication: Mailing list: smart@ess.co.at Web server www.ess.co.at/SMART Discussion board: Meetings: Output: Reports: Deliverables: Cost statements: Project Review:

8. SMART: work packages WP 01: Requirements and constraints analysis FEEM, PM 1-6 Deliverable due by February 2003 !

9. SMART: work packages WP 02: Socio-economic framework and guidelines UATLA, PM 3-12

10. SMART: work packages WP 03: Analytical tools, models SOGREAH, PM 3-18 Subtasks for • TELEMAC • WaterWare, XPS

11. SMART: work packages WP 04: Data compilation and analysis TR, PM 6-24 Includes parallel sub-tasks, one for each case study/country

12. SMART: WP04 • Develop meta-data structure • Formats, technical specifications, • Coverage and resolution (space and time) • Develop checklists • Monitor compilation • Comparative analysis (completeness, consistency, plausibility)

13. SMART: WP04 Common data base or data repository; Extensive documentation ! Accessible from ftp server at project web site Selected data available with interactive on-line tools (e.g., hydro- meteorological time series data) Map server at CEDARE

14. SMART: work packages WP 05 – 09 Case Studies Respective partner, PM 12-30, Overlaps with data compilation

15. SMART: work packages WP 10: Comparative analysis FEEM, PM 24-36 Requires input from all case studies

16. SMART: work packages WP 11: Dissemination and exploitation ESS, PM 3-36

17. SMART: time table

18. SMART

19. Water management must be analyzed in a broad systems context: • Socio-economic aspects(costs and benefits, jobs, institutions, regulations) • Environmental aspects(water quality, water allocation, alternative use) • Technological aspects(constraints,BAT, clean technologies, water efficiency, reuse and recycling)

20. Water management Conflicting water use and changing, stochastic constraints • Multiple criteria, conflicting objectives • Industrial water management: • Water demand • Consumptive use • Water pollution

21. Environmental problems Water Management problems: • Not enough • Too much • At the wrong place • At the wrong time • Insufficient quality Problems of distribution of resources (clean air, water, land, biodiversity, …)

22. Environmental problems result from the local or short-term optimization of resource management strategies, ignoring some externalities (side effects, costs to others). All life degrades its environment. All living systems have self-regulatory capabilities – within usually unknown limits.

23. Environmental problems Increasing human population Increasing resource consumption • Energy • Materials • Space And potentially irreversible destruction of information (biodiversity)

24. Environmental problems Three laws of ecology: • Everything is connected to everything else; • Everything must go somewhere; • Nature knows best. Barry Commoner, The Closing Cycle.

25. Environmental problems Root problem: Uncoupling of feedback loops (to obtain local or short-term benefits) • Tragedy of the Commons (Hardin, 1968) • Social costs (Kapp, 1979) • Limits to Growth (Meadows et al., 1971) • Malthus (1830)

26. Environmental problems IF: quantity or quality, spatial or temporal distribution of environmental resources do not match our needs or expectations: • Environment (objective reality) • Needs (objective-subjective reality) • Expectations (subjective reality)

27. Regulatory response Laws and regulations: • Emission control (water, air) • Product standards (fuel, engines, BAT) • Permitting, zoning • Monetary instruments: • Taxes (waste tax) • Subsidies (for mitigation)

28. Regulatory response Planning requirements: • Environmental impact assessment • Risk assessment Self-regulation: • ISO 14000, 9000 • EMAS, Eco-Audit • Responsible Care • Labeling (“biological” food)

29. Water management problems are inherently multi-disciplinary: • Hydrology, geology, climatology, geography • (Geo)physics, chemistry • Biology, ecology, toxicology • Engineering, economics • Psychology, sociology • Law, political sciences

30. Water management problems • are complex (many elements and interactions) • dynamic (including delay, memory) • spatially distributed (1, 1.5, 2 and 3D) • non-linear (feedback, bifurcation, etc.) • involve large uncertainties in - the physical domain - the socio-economic domain • involve multiple actors and stake holders • are always multi-criteria, multi-objective

31. A river basin perspective: Water can easily be accounted for, a mass budget approach is feasible; The hydrographic unit of the catchment or river basin provides a naturally bounded well defined system; Conservation laws (mass, momentum) are used to describe dynamic water budgets.

32. A river basin perspective: Industrial water use is one of the demand nodes in a river basin network/graph: • Input nodes (sub-catchment, wells) • Domestic demand nodes • Agricultural demand nodes • Industrial demand nodes • Reservoirs, lakes • Structural components (confluence) connected by river reaches, canals

43. Water demand Depends on: • Production volume • Production technology • Recycling strategies Demand has quantitative and qualitative elements, usually involves water treatment For a given cost of water, an optimal strategy can be computed based on investment cost, discount rate, and project lifetime (NPV)

44. Water demand Consumptive use Production process intake return flow recycling

45. Consumptive use Water demand consists of: • Consumptive use • Process water (integrated in the product) • Cooling (evaporation) • Temporary use (return flow) But pollution can make the return flow unfit for subsequent use

46. Conflicting use More than 70% of water is generally used for agriculture (irrigation); Added value per unit water used in industry is usually between 50 to 100 times higher than in agriculture; Domestic use of water is comparatively small, but with high quality requirements and low elasticity. Environmental use (low flow, quality constraints).

50. Water Pollution • Industrial effluents incl.spills • Domestic sewage • Irrigation return flow • Reduces potential utility for other down-stream users • Endangers biological systems (fish kill) • May accumulate over long periods (chemical time bombs in sediments)