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The Dwarf Planet Pluto http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto. Dr. Harold Williams Montgomery College Planetarium http://Montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/planet/. Clyde Tombaugh discover of Pluto. Lowell Observatory Astrograph. Lowell Observatory Blink Comparator.
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The Dwarf Planet Plutohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto Dr. Harold Williams Montgomery College Planetarium http://Montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/planet/
Ganymede (Jupiter), Titan (Saturn) and Callisto (Jupiter) Io (Jupiter), Luna (Earth), Europa (Jupiter), Triton (Neptune) and Pluto.
Asteroid Orbits • Most asteroids orbitin a belt between Mars and Jupiter • Trojan asteroids follow Jupiter’s orbit • Orbits of near-Earth asteroids cross Earth’s orbit
Wikipedia Links • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet_number • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_asteroids_named_after_important_people
Only a tiny number of comets enter the inner solar system - most stay far from the Sun Oort cloud: On random orbits extending to about 50,000 AU Kuiper belt: On orderly orbits from 30-100 AU in disk of solar system
Pluto’s Orbit • Pluto will never hit Neptune, even though their orbits cross, because of 3:2 orbital resonance • Neptune orbits three times during the time Pluto orbits twice
Is Pluto a Planet? • By far the smallest planet. • Not a gas giant like other outer planets. • Has an icy composition like a comet. • Has a very elliptical, inclined orbit. • Pluto has more in common with comets than with the eight major planets
Other Icy Bodies • There are many icy objects like Pluto on elliptical, inclined orbits beyond Neptune. • The largest of these, “Planet X” was discovered in summer 2005, is even larger than Pluto
Kuiper Belt Objects • These large, icy objects have orbits similar to the smaller objects in the Kuiper Belt that become short period comets • So are they very large comets or very small planets?
What is Pluto like? • Its moon Charon is nearly as large as Pluto itself (probably made by a major impact) • Pluto is very cold (40 K) • Pluto has a thin nitrogen atmosphere that will refreeze onto the surface as Pluto’s orbit takes it farther from the Sun.
Other Kuiper Belt Objects • Most have been discovered very recently so little is known about them. • NASA’s New Horizons mission will study Pluto and a few other Kuiper Belt object in a planned flyby.
Pluto and “Planet X” • Pluto’s size was overestimated after its discovery in 1930 • It was considered a planet, and nothing of similar size was discovered for several decades • Now other large objects have been discovered in Kuiper Belt, including “Planet X” • Some scientists consider all of those objects planets; others consider none of them planets.
Sedna in Green Circlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna
What have we learned? • How big can a comet be? • The Kuiper belt from which comets come contains objects as large as Pluto. • What are the large objects of the Kuiper belt like? • Large objects in the Kuiper belt have orbits and icy compositions like those of comets. • Is “Planet X” a planet? • It remains a matter of opinion because scientists have not yet settled on a definition of the minimum size of a planet.
New Horizons Spacecraft • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons • Major Contractors JHU APL, SwRI • New Horizons NASA’s Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/
New Horizonslaunched January 19, 2006flyby Pluto July 14, 2015
