Lack of material assets Inadequate housing Poor nutrition No land, livestock or equipment

1. The Poverty Trap • Lack of material assets • Inadequate housing • Poor nutrition • No land, livestock or equipment Material Poverty • Lack of strength • Poor health • Inadequate hygiene • Too many dependents • Lack of reserves • No savings • Lack of choices • Easy to manipulate by social conventions and unproductive expenditures • Difficult climate conditions Vulner-ability Physical Weakness Power-lessness Isolation • Lack of access to services and information • Remote location • Lack of education • Excluded from the system because of race, gender, age or political reasons. • Lack of influence • No social connections • Lack of social power • Lack of political participation • Corrupt environment • Lack of bargaining tools Spiritual Poverty • Lack of trust • Broken relationships with community • Fear of supernatural powers • Lack of hope and belief that change is possible • Wrong choices • Distorted picture of self and personal value. Drawing on the research of: Bryant Meyers, Robert Chambers, Jayakumar Christian. Vinay Sameul and Makonen Getu