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Exploring the Coldest Depths: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetic Waves

Delve into the frigid reaches of the universe, from liquid helium to the electromagnetic spectrum. Learn about the laws of thermodynamics and the properties of electromagnetic waves, photons, and gas temperatures. Discover celestial bodies like the Sun, Rigel, hot young stars, Orion Nebula, and more. Unravel mysteries such as cryogenic dark matter search and neutron stars' superconductivity. Explore Hawking radiation and the cool cosmic marvels within the universe's vast expanse.

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Exploring the Coldest Depths: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetic Waves

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  1. The Low Temperature Universe Roger Blandford Stanford SLAC KIPAC LTD-13

  2. Sun 6000o Rigel 11000o Hot Young Stars AB7 120,000o Orion Nebula • Carinae • 20-30,000o LTD-13

  3. Centigrade Kelvin 12 ft 100o Steam 373o 0o Ice 273o -269o Liquid Helium 4o -273o Coldest 0o 285 ft 273 ft Kelvin LTD-13

  4. Thermodynamics- It’s the law I Energy conserved II Disorder increases III Unattainable, zero temperature LTD-13

  5. Electromagnetic Waves 300,000 km per second! Energy ~ Frequency Wavelength Light, infrared radiation, radio waves, X-rays…. are all electromagnetic Electromagnetic waves comes in particles called photons LTD-13

  6. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  7. Gas Temperature Cold Slow molecules Hot Slow molecules LTD-13

  8. Sun 6000o Rigel 11000o Hot Young Stars AB7 120,000o Orion Nebula • Carinae • 20-30,000o LTD-13

  9. Brown dwarfs, planets and … Gliese 229B 1800K Uranus 50K Pluto 40K LTD-13

  10. LTD-13

  11. LTD-13

  12. LTD-13

  13. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  14. LTD-13

  15. LTD-13

  16. LTD-13

  17. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  18. M51 “Whirlpool Nebula” Herschel Hubble LTD-13

  19. LTD-13

  20. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  21. ALMA LTD-13

  22. Barnard 68 16 K LTD-13

  23. 293K HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS LTD-13

  24. 80K HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS LTD-13

  25. 4K HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS LTD-13

  26. Cryogenic Dark Matter Search 50 mK LTD-13

  27. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter Radio IR O UV X-ray g-ray (s)mm Low frequency Long wavelength High frequency Short wavelength LTD-13

  28. Microwave Background QUaD WMAP 310K 2.7K 240K Planck LTD-13

  29. Neutron Stars …are very cold! 1 solar mass 10 km Superconductivity Superfluidity! LTD-13

  30. M87 – Virgo Cluster Six billion solar masses Ten billion km LTD-13

  31. Hawking Radiation Tiny Black Holes are Hot Big Black Holes are Cold LTD-13

  32. M87 – Virgo Cluster Six billion solar masses Ten billion km One billion, billionth K One photon per year! LTD-13

  33. The Universe is a Cool Place! LTD-13

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