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The Scramble for Africa

The Scramble for Africa. GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA. Continent – not a country Continent is three times larger than Europe Northern Africa – desert Sub-Saharan Africa – diverse climates and topography. THE “DARK” CONTINENT. “Dark Continent” – racist terminology referred to the people of Africa

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The Scramble for Africa

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  1. The Scramble for Africa

  2. GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA • Continent – not a country • Continent is three times larger than Europe • Northern Africa – desert • Sub-Saharan Africa – diverse climates and topography

  3. THE “DARK” CONTINENT • “Dark Continent” – racist terminology referred to the people of Africa • In reality, Africa has diverse groups of people with their own unique cultures and histories • Civilizations • Languages • Religions

  4. FOREIGN HISTORY IN AFRICA • Arab traders converted many North Africans to Islam • Source of slaves for the Americas from the 17th century

  5. The “OPENING UP” OF AFRICA • Mid-1800s • Missionaries and explorers sparked foreign interest in Africa

  6. DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873) • Scottish missionary • 1841-1873 – lived in central Africa • Explored Africa • Named Lake Victoria after the British queen • Converted many Africans to Christianity • Wrote books on Africa which increased foreign interest

  7. HENRY STANLEY (1841-1904) • Welsh-American reporter • Worked with Belgium’s King Leopold II and his African colonization company called the International African Society

  8. KING LEOPOLD II OF BELGIUM (1835-1909) • Took over land in central Africa • Leopold criticized for the cruelty of his rule in the Congo • His actions started a European race for African colonies – “Scramble for Africa” • Diamonds, gold, ivory and rubber most important

  9. Berlin Conference (1884): European countries decided they could claim African colonies just by setting up government offices in African territory. This set off a Great Scramble as Europeans rushed to colonize Africa.

  10. The Cape Colony (Dutch)

  11. BRITISH IN SOUTHERN AFRICA • Boer War (1889-1892) • Why? because gold was discovered there! • British won • British took the Cape Colony from the Dutch • Boers (Dutch colonists) moved north

  12. BRITISH IN NORTH AFRICA

  13. Suez Canal

  14. BRITISH IN NORTHERN AFRICA • Cape-to-Cairo Railroad • Railroad from South Africa to North Africa • Never completed

  15. Cape-to-Cairo Railway: Crossing over Victoria Falls

  16. AFRICANS IN AFRICA Only 2 independent African countries, everything else was colonized • Ethiopia • Ruled by dynasty stretching back to at least the 1200’s • Liberia • Formed by freed slaves under auspices of the United States government

  17. REVIEW QUESTIONS • What led to the “Scramble for Africa”? • Which European nations controlled the most land in Africa? • Who led British imperialism in Africa? • Which African nations were left independent at the time of World War I?

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