CHCCSL501A Work within a structured counselling framework

1. CHCCSL501A Work within a structured counselling framework #3. Scope & Limits of Counselling Practice

2. Lesson outline How counselling differs from psychology How counselling differs from psychiatry Scope and professional limits of counselling practice Ethical guidelines Legislation affecting counsellors

3. The difference between counselling and psychology Core similarities and differences between a counsellor and a psychologist: Both counsellors and psychologists use specialist communication and listening skills They both have a basic goal of assisting clients move towards the life the clients would like They both use various strategies and techniques depending on their approach to helping. They both identify client goals and work to assist the client in accomplishing them Egan, G. (2010)

4. The difference between counselling and psychology The difference lies in the severity of the client situation or level of functioning A psychologist is more likely to see clients who present with some degree of dysfunctional thinking or behaviour These clients may have personality disorders or be experiencing mental illness (post traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety disorders) Psychologists can also administer psychometric tests such as personality profiles and IQ tests

5. The difference between counselling and psychology Counsellors focus on the needs of less clinically disturbed people with everyday problems. However, counsellors can see clients with disturbances that are being managed, eg, through medication Egan, G. (2010)

7. The difference between counselling and psychiatry Counselling concerns itself primarily with: -Identifying and nurturing personal and social traits and resources of individuals and their ability to adapt to make more effective use of them, therefore bringing about a more positive change to their lives Psychiatry emphasises: -Diagnosing the nature and extent of abnormalities within people -Uncovering adjustment difficulties and maladaptive tendencies -Accepting & understanding these tendencies so they may be modified -Prescribing medication

8. The difference between counselling and psychiatry In Summary Counselling emphasis on well-being and self-actualising Counselling assists clients to cope with every day problems Psychiatry emphasis on illness and maladjustment Psychiatry diagnoses and treats what’s wrong Egan, G. (2010) Youtube video: Counselling Modalities - Martin Hunter-Jones & Lyndall Briggs Pt 3/5 'Conversations With Robyn’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYvfb5KsyRU

9. Psychiatry Logo

10. Summary of differences

11. Scope of the counselling relationship including professional limitations Counsellors should listen actively to their clients Clients and counsellors should not be friends re conflict of interest Sessions should focus only on the client Counsellors should not self disclose their experiences, thoughts and feelings as it can remove the line between therapist and client, removing the focus from the client, making them feel they need to respond in a particular way. Counsellors are allowed to make mistakes (occasionally!): Counsellors should not be burdened with the notion of being perfect. George, R. L. & Cristiani, T. S. (1995)

12. Scope of the counselling relationship including professional limitations Counsellors do not need to know everything. It is better to admit you don’t have all the answers and tell your client you will endeavour to find out the answers or information for them. There are instances where counsellors are unable to help: This may be as a result of insufficient knowledge or skills. It may also be that the counsellors values are challenged and they feel they can no longer be objective. Being unable to help a client does not imply incompetency. It is not possible for a counsellor to work successfully with everyone. There may be an inability to connect with a client, for example the client may be resistant.

13. Scope of the counselling relationship including professional limitations Counsellors should be aware of limitations: Clients will respect a therapist for being honest about their limitations. It is better to be honest than bluff. While acknowledging the scope of their limitations, Counsellors should strive to overcome them: there is a need to assess your limitations from time to time. We should strive to expand our acceptance and limits. This will result with us being able to identify with more of the population.

14. Scope of the counselling relationship including professional limitations

15. Ethical guidelines -Codes of Ethics are established by professional bodies and supply guidelines for practitioners -Counsellors are bound by an ethical code in order to ensure the rights and safety of clients -A code of ethics exists for the protection of the client, counsellor and workplace/organisation -Ethics codes are revised every few years in AustraliaCorey, G., Corey, M.S. & Callanan, P. (2011) -See PACFA handout for homework reading

16. Ethical Guidelines Ethics involves issues such as: informed consent confidentiality conflict of interest duty of care recognising and respecting diversity / not discriminating treating everyone as an individual yet with equality communicating with consideration of client needs maintaining and developing professional knowledge and skills Corey, G., Corey, M.S. & Callanan, P. (2011)

17. Ethical Guidelines Peak bodies responsible for developing a national code of ethics in Australia: The Australian Counsellors Association (ACA) Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA) The Australian Psychological Society (APS) Corey, G., Corey, M.S. & Callanan, P. (2011)

18. Relevant Legislation Legislation affecting counsellors and clients: Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cmwth) Australian Human Rights Commission Regulations 1989 (Cmwth) Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cmwth) Disability Discrimination Regulations 1996 (Cmwth) Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1987(Cmwth) Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act 1999 (Cmwth) Fair Work (Registered Organisations) Act 2009 (Cmwth) Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cmwth) Racial Discrimination Regulations 1987 (Cmwth) Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cmwth) Sex Discrimination Regulations 1984 (Cmwth)

19. Statutory requirements The legal requirement to report suspected cases of child abuse and neglect is known as mandatory reporting All Aust. jurisdictions possess mandatory reporting requirements, however, the people mandated to report and the types of abuse for which it is mandatory to report vary across the states & territories. http://www.aifs.gov.au/nch/pubs/sheets/rs3/rs3.html#top

20. Statutory requirements Mandatory Reporting: Who is required to report? About what / whom To whom do you report

21. Mandatory Reporting Who is required to report? (QLD) An authorised officer, employee of the Department of Communities (Child Safety Services), a person employed in a departmental care service or licensed care service... (Section 148 of the Child Protection Act 1999 Qld) A doctor or registered nurse (Public Health Act 2005, s158) The Commissioner for Children and Young People (Section 20 of the Commission for Children Young People and Child Guardian Act 2000 Qld) Family court personnel and counsellors (Family Law Act 1975, section 67Z (Teachers & school principals must report as per Education Queensland Policy) Student Handout on Mandatory Reporting (Federal Govt document)

22. Mandatory Reporting About what / whom Physical abuse Sexual abuse or exploitation Emotional/psychological abuse Neglect Youtube video: Abuse findings questioned http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4hJzhXvKUs

23. Mandatory Reporting To whom can you report Most people call the police for immediate intervention but it ultimately ends up with the Dept of Communities- Child Safety Services What happens when a report is made: http://www.communities.qld.gov.au/childsafety/protecting-children/reporting-child-abuse/what-happens-when-a-report-is-made

24. Statutory requirements Counsellors are not currently legally required to have specific qualifications or to be registered with any particular organisation or umbrella body. Nevertheless, there are many levels of qualifications available and many organisations with whom a counsellor can be registered or affiliated.

25. Statutory requirements Clients would be well advised to obtain a referral / recommendation for counselling or to seek counselling at a reputed organisation - for assurance of finding a qualified professional who is up to date in their field with whom they can enter into a safe counselling experience.

26. References Abuse findings questioned , online video, accessed 5 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4hJzhXvKUs American Counseling Association (1997) http://www.ccacc.ca/_documents/NotebookEthicsce%20for%20Counsellors.pdf Australian Government, Australian Institute of Family Studies (2010) Mandatory Reportinghttp://www.aifs.gov.au/nch/pubs/sheets/rs3/rs3.html#topSite last updated: 3rd Jan 2012 Carl Rogers & Gloria Counselling part 2, online video. Accessed 3 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m30jsZx_Ngs Carl Rogers & Gloria counselling, Part 3, online video, accessed 4 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX_Y3zUPzEo Carl Rogers on Conditioning.wmv, online video, accessed 6 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qngwdy1DnDY Corey, G. (2009) Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy 8th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, California Corey, G., Corey, M.S. & Callanan, P. (2011) Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions, 8th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, California Counselling Modalities - Martin Hunter-Jones & Lyndall Briggs Pt 3/5 'Conversations With Robyn’, online video, accessed 5 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYvfb5KsyRU

27. References Counselling Skills: a Five Minute Training Course from Richard Barton, online video, accessed 4 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9RuMujWhXY&feature=fvwrel Counselling Skills Lecture 3 Rapport, online video, accessed 6 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRGWhR9L5-Q Egan, G. ( 2010) The Skilled Helper 9th ed. Brooks/Cole, California George, R. L. & Cristiani, T. S. (1995) Counselling Theory and PracticeAllyn and Bacon, Boston How To Understand Psychodynamic Theory, online video, accessed 4 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUdazWZTZp8&feature=related Ivey, A.E., Ivey, M.B. & Zalaquett,C.P. (2010) Intentional Interviewing and Counselling, Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society 7th ed. Brooks Cole, California Pelling N., Bowers R. & Armstrong, P (2007)The Practice of Counselling. Thomson Qualities needed to be a Psychotherapist or Counsellor! , online video, accessed 8 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8UN4i7u7Ec

28. References Sheehy, A. (2004-2012) What Is Counsellinghttp://www.andrea-sheehy.com/whatiscounselling.htmSite last updated: 1st Jan 2012 Summary of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory , online video, accessed 3 June, 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFNU-RHTMO0 The Counselling Process, online video, accessed 5 june, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qOCCvreTaI&list=UUSnEXvOOpzPkB01mvlUl-2g&index=8&feature=plcp The Little Albert Experiment, online video, accessed 5 June, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hBfnXACsOI&feature=related What is Counselling? Brisbane Counsellor at Integrating Awareness Counselling in Brisbane explains, online video, accessed June 4, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYeofRNEDjg What is Modernism/Postmodernism? , online video, accessed 3 June, 2012 .http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ehh1b6kNWA&feature=related