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Understanding Immigration to the United States: Historical Trends and Challenges

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This project by Molly Riebling from AFNorth International School explores the multifaceted reasons behind immigration to the United States in both the 18th and 19th centuries. It distinguishes between "Old Immigration," driven by religious persecution and opportunities for trade, and "New Immigration," influenced by poverty and the search for better employment prospects. The project also addresses the challenges faced by immigrants, including unfamiliarity with the land, discrimination, and the impact of globalization. Key historical contexts and important immigrant groups are discussed.

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Understanding Immigration to the United States: Historical Trends and Challenges

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  1. Comenius Project: 2014 Immigration into the United States By: Molly Riebling AFNorth International School

  2. Main Reasons for Immigration (18th and 19th Centuries) • “Old Immigration” • Religion • Opportunity • Political Conflicts • “New Immigration” • Poverty • Opportunity • Religious Oppression

  3. “old immigration”

  4. Religion • New England Colonies • Puritans vs. Separatists • Pilgrims • Religious Persecution • Middle Colonies • Establishment of colonies because of religion • Quakers – Pennsylvania; Catholics – Maryland • French Immigrants • Huguenots: French Protestants who experienced religious persecution in France • Spanish Immigrants • Missions (1769-1833) • Ex. Sacramento

  5. Opportunity • Trade • French • Fur trade • Dutch • Traded with Indians • Gold • Spain • “Lost City of Gold”

  6. Religious Conflicts • France • Huguenots and the French Wars of Religion • King Louis XIV stripping them of their rights unless they converted to Roman Catholicism • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Many Huguenot deaths

  7. New immigration Many of the “New Immigrants” came from areas in Eastern Asia in addition to Southern and Eastern Europe.

  8. Poverty • Employment • Southern and Eastern Europe • “Gilded Age” • Tenements • Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half Lives”

  9. Opportunity • Industrial Society that the United States offered • Gospel of Wealth • Horatio Alger • Andrew Carnegie

  10. Religious Oppression • Many of the people in Southern and Eastern Europe were experiencing religious oppression from their governments, which is why they immigrated to the United States

  11. Challenges the Immigrants Faced • “Old Immigration” • Unfamiliarity with the land • “New Immigration” • Literacy • Discrimination

  12. “Old Immigration”

  13. Unfamiliarity with the Land • Jamestown • “Starving time” • Roanoke • “Lost Colony”

  14. “New Immigration”

  15. Literacy • Jane Addams • Hull House • Places in which older immigrants could go to learn English • Ethnic Communities • Ex. Little Italy, Chinatown • Kept with their old cultures, which allowed them to put off learning English

  16. Discrimination • Chinese • Chinese Exclusion Act • Political Machines • Boss Tweed’s Tammany Hall • Used votes of new immigrants to corrupt American political systems

  17. Globalization's Affect on the United States • Job Hunters • People are moving around more • Threat of opportunity • Not as many jobs in the United States • Outsourcing/Relocating jobs • Increased connectivity • Evolution of Telecommunication

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