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Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer. By Kristen Tsoubanos. What is Lung Cancer?. Lung Cancer is a series of mutations that begin to produce abnormal looking cells. This cancer originates in the tissues of one’s lungs. There are two types of lung cancer:

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Lung Cancer

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  1. Lung Cancer By Kristen Tsoubanos

  2. What is Lung Cancer? • Lung Cancer is a series of mutations that begin to produce abnormal looking cells. This cancer originates in the tissues of one’s lungs. • There are two types of lung cancer: Small Cell: 10% to 15% of all lung cancers are small cell lung cancer (SCLC), named for the size of the cancer cells when seen under a microscope. Other names include oat cell cancer and oat cell carcinoma. It is very rare for someone who has never smoked to have a small cell lung cancer. Non-Small Cell: 85% to 90% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are 3 main subtypes of NSCLC. The cells in these subtypes differ in size, shape, and chemical make-up when looked under a microscope, but they are grouped together because there outlook is very similar.

  3. Causes of Lung Cancer • A few factorsthat increase your rate of getting lung cancer are: smoking, asbestos, exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, and gasoline. • Other factors include: high levels or air pollution, family’s history of lung cancer, high levels of arsenic in drinking water, radiation to therapy to the lungs and radon gas.

  4. Warning Signs and Symptoms Early signs of lung cancer can be: Chest pain Cough that doesn’t go away Coughing up blood Fatigue Losing weight without trying Loss of appetite Shortness of breath Wheezing Other symptoms that occurduring the late stages of lung cancer are: Bone pain or tenderness Eyelid drooping Facial paralysis Hoarseness or changing voice Joint pain Nail problems Shoulder pain Swallowing difficulty Swelling of the face or arms Weakness

  5. Who is at Risk? • It is most common for individuals that are above the age of 45 to get this disease. Both women and men are at risk to catch this deadly disease. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than of breast, colon, and prostate cancers combined.

  6. Secondhand smoke (breathing the smoke of others) increases your risk for lung cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 3,000 nonsmoking adults will die each year from lung cancer related to breathing secondhand smoke. These statistics suggest a person’s chance of obtaining this disease: About 226, 160 new cases of lung cancer (both small cell and non-small cell). About 160,340 deaths from lung cancer. Population

  7. Here are some tests that show how lung cancer can be diagnosed: Lung Biopsy for Lung Cancer- When a lung tumor is found, a lung biopsy is often performed to evaluate the type of abnormal cells. Sputum Cytology for Lung Cancer- Sputum cytology examines mucus for abnormal cells. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Lung Cancer- This high-tech test, commonly called a PET scan, can help determine if a lung tumor is cancer. Bronchoscopy for Lung Cancer- This procedure helps diagnose and determine the extent of lung cancer. Mediastinoscopy for Lung Cancer- This procedure helps diagnose lung cancer. CT Scan of the Brain for Lung Cancer- A CT scan of the brain is often done to see if lung cancer has spread to the brain. Bone Scan for Lung Cancer- A bone scan can detect cancer that has spread to the bones. Thoracentesis for Lung Cancer- Some people with lung cancer develop fluid between their lungs and chest wall. This procedure helps remove that fluid, and finds out why it's there. Medical History and Physical Examination for Lung Cancer- Your medical history can help your health professional find out what is causing your symptoms. The Detection of Lung Cancer

  8. Treatment • Surgery- removes the tumor and nearby lymph nodes, it offers the greatest chance for significant survival for some types of lung cancer. This is especially true for the early stage (I, II) cancers that have not spread to other parts of the body. • Chemotherapy- uses strong chemicals or drugs to kill cancer cells, stop their reproduction, or slow their growth. There are many types of chemotherapy drugs, and they may be given in combination with each other • Radiation- therapy (also called radiotherapy) that may be effective for the treatment of lung cancer. It uses high-energy rays, similar to X-rays, but stronger, to kill or shrink cancer cells. Usually, lung cancers are treated from an external source of energy.

  9. Survival Rate • Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer in both men and women in the United States. • In 1987, it surpassed breast cancer to become the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. • Lung cancer causes more deaths than the next three most common cancers combined (colon, breast and prostate). • An estimated 160,340 Americans were expectedto die from lung cancer in 2012, accounting for approximately 28 percent of all cancer deaths.

  10. Reducing These Chances Here are a few of the main factors that should be reduced in order to reduce one’s chances of attaining lung cancer. • Don't use tobacco. • Eat a healthy diet. • Maintain a healthy weight and include physical activity in your daily routine.

  11. Works Cited • Board, A.D.A.M. Editorial. Lung Cancer. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Nov. 0000. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. • "Lung Cancer: Diagnosis & Tests." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. • "Lung Cancer Fact Sheet." Lungcancer.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. • "LungCancer.org." Lung Cancer.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. • Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Cancer Prevention: 7 Tips to Reduce Your Risk." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 21 Sept. 2010. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. • "What Is Non-small Cell Lung Cancer?" What Is Non-small Cell Lung Cancer? N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012. • "What Is the Definition of Lung Cancer?" About.com Lung Cancer. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.

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