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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Unit 12. What is Normal/Abnormal?. Unusualness of behavior/Deviation from average Cultural relativism/Deviation from ideal Subjective Discomfort Inability to function/Maladaptiveness . Symptoms of Anxiety. Anxiety Disorders. Panic Disorder

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders Unit 12

  2. What is Normal/Abnormal? Unusualness of behavior/Deviation from average Cultural relativism/Deviation from ideal Subjective Discomfort Inability to function/Maladaptiveness

  3. Symptoms of Anxiety

  4. Anxiety Disorders • Panic Disorder • Period of intense dread in which a person experiences terror & symptoms similar to a heart attack • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) • person is tense, apprehensive, & in a state of constant arousal (fight or flight) • Phobias • persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

  5. Phobic Disorders Secret Lives

  6. Anxiety Disorders, cont. • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) • unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) • Re-experiencing the traumatic event • Emotional numbing • Hypervigilance and chronic arousal • “Survival Guilt” Memory OCD Girl

  7. Anxiety Disorders, cont. • Theories • Biological • Neurotransmitters • Cognitive • Treatment • Biological • Drug therapy • Antianxiety: Benzodiazepines • Antidepressants: tricyclic & SSRIs • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

  8. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) • a person exhibits 2 or more distinct & alternating personalities • Dissociative Fugue • The person moves away and assumes a new identity, with amnesia for the previous identity • Dissociative Amnesia • Person loses memory of important personal facts, including personal identity, for no apparent organic cause • Depersonalization Disorder • People with this disorder have frequent episodes in which they feel detached from their own mental processes or bodies, as if they are outside observers of themselves Fugue

  9. Dissociative Disorders, cont. • Theories • Extreme Stress • Treatment • Psychotherapy • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy • Biological • Antidepressants or antianxiety medication if needed

  10. Somatoform Disorders • Conversion Disorder • Loss of functioning in some part of the body for psychological rather than physical reasons • Malingering • Deliberate faking of physical symptoms to avoid an unpleasant situation, such as military duty • Hypochondriasis • Chronic worry that one has a physical disease in the absence of evidence that one does; frequently seek medical attention • Factitious Disorder/by proxy • Deliberate faking of physical illness to gain medical attention • Munchausen’s Syndrome • Theory • Stress is the common factor MBP The Sixth Sense

  11. Mood Disorders • Unipolar Depression • a person, for no apparent reason, experiences 2 or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, & diminished interest/pleasure in most activities (anhedonia) • Major Depression vs. Dysthymic Disorder • Subtypes • Melancholic • Psychotic • Postpartum • Seasonal • Atypical • Catatonic Andrea Yates

  12. Mood Disorders, cont. • Bipolar Disorder I and II • A person alternates between the hopelessness & lethargy of depression & the overexcited state of mania • Bipolar I • More severe episodes of mania • Bipolar II • Episodes of hypomania Bipolar/Depression

  13. Mood Disorders, cont. • Theories • Biological • Genetics • Neurotransmitters • Psychological • Cognitive • Behavioral

  14. Mood Disorders, cont. • Treatment • Biological • Antidepressants • ECT • Light therapy • Lithium (Bipolar) • Cognitive-Behavioral

  15. Personality Disorders • Divided into 3 categories • Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric (Schizophrenic Spectrum) • Paranoid • Schizoid • Schizotypal • Cluster B: Dramatic-Emotional • Narcissistic • Histrionic • Borderline • Antisocial • Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful • Dependent • Avoidant • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) The Code of Harry The Dark Passenger BPD

  16. Schizophrenia Paranoid Undifferentiated Catatonic Disorganized Residual Each are about 40% of all diagnosed schizophrenics

  17. Schizophrenia, cont. • Symptoms • Positive/Type I • Delusions • Hallucinations • Disorganized Thought and Speech • Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior • Negative/Type II • Affective Flattening (or Blunted Affect) • Alogia • Avolition

  18. Schizophrenia, cont. • Theories • Biological • Genetic Theories • Structural Brain Abnormalities • Birth Complications & Prenatal Viral Exposure • Neurotransmitter Theories • Psychological • Treatments • Biological • Cognitive-Behavioral • Social

  19. Schizophrenia

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