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Colligative Properties

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  1. Colligative Properties

  2. Definition • Properties that depend on the concentration of a solution no matter what the solute’s identity is

  3. Boiling Point Elevation • A solute lowers the vapor pressure, therefore a solution must be heated to a higher temperature in order to boil • ΔT = KBm • ΔT – amount of elevation • KB – constant for a given solvent • m – molality

  4. Example • A solution consisting of 18.00 g of glucose in 150.0 g of water elevates the boiling point to 100.34ºC. What is the molar mass of glucose?

  5. Freezing Point Depression • A solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent • At lower vapor pressure, the rate of melting is higher than the rate of crystallization • ΔT = KFm

  6. Example • What mass of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), the main component of antifreeze, must be added to 10.0L of water to produce a solution in the car’s radiator that freezes at –23.3ºC?

  7. Example • A chemist is trying to identify a human hormone by determining it’s molar mass. A sample weighing .546 g was dissolved in 15.0 g of benzene, and the freezing point depression was determined to be .240ºC. What is it’s molar mass?

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