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Discovering Atomic Structure: Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

Dive into the groundbreaking discoveries of Ernest Rutherford through his famous gold foil experiment. By directing alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil, he unveiled the true nature of atoms. Remarkably, most alpha particles passed through, revealing that atoms are mostly empty space. His findings led to the identification of the nucleus, a positively charged center made up of protons, with the later discovery of neutrons by James Chadwick. This experiment reshaped our understanding of atomic structure, emphasizing the significance of subatomic particles and their properties.

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Discovering Atomic Structure: Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

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Presentation Transcript

  1. THE ATOM! BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER

  2. Rutherford! • The gold foil experiment • Shot alpha particles (helium nuclei) at gold foil Mass number 4 2+ charge

  3. 97% of the time the alpha particle went straight through 2.7% of the time the alpha particle was deflected 0.3% of the time the alpha particle bounced back Lead box containing alpha particle source Scintillation screen Gold foil

  4. Turn foil so you are looking at the edge. Then magnify!

  5. Cross section of gold foil (Magnified x1012) Alpha particle source

  6. Rutherford’s Results • Most of the atom is? • Empty space • In the center of the atom is? • Nucleus • With a charge of ? • Positive (due to PROTONS, the second particle)

  7. The Third Particle • Rutherford’s co-worker James Chadwick discovered the NEUTRON! • The NEUTRON has a ________charge. NEUTRAL

  8. If its mostly empty space then how are things solid?

  9. electron Relative Mass: Animal analogy p+ n0 2 amu (atomic mass unit) 1 amu (atomic mass unit) 1Protons and 1Neutron

  10. Properties of Subatomic Particles

  11. Atomic Number

  12. Atomic Number = # of Protons = # of Electrons =

  13. Practice Write down the symbol, NAME, atomic number, protons, and electrons for the following. • W • Au • U • Fr • Dy • 34 p+ • 100 e- • Atomic number 11 • 50 p+ • 47 e-

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