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Theme 1, Unit 2, Lesson 2

The Cistercian Monastery. News Headlines 1142 AD ‘French monks arrive in Ireland’. Theme 1, Unit 2, Lesson 2. Slide 2. Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2. Who Are These Monks?. The Cistercians: a new monastic order founded in France in 1098

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Theme 1, Unit 2, Lesson 2

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  1. The Cistercian Monastery News Headlines 1142 AD ‘French monks arrive in Ireland’ Theme 1, Unit 2, Lesson 2

  2. Slide 2 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Who Are These Monks? • The Cistercians: a new monastic order founded in France in 1098 • Aim: to follow The Rule of St Benedict in the strictest sense • Their monasteries spread rapidly through France and Western Europe

  3. Slide 3 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Why Did They Come to Ireland? • Archbishop Malachy of Armagh invited them • He was impressed by their abbeys in France • Cistercians were eager to develop new monasteries throughout Europe

  4. Slide 4 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 How Are the New Monasteries Different From the Traditional Irish Model? Unlike the informal arrangement of an Early Christian Irish monastery with mostly wooden buildings, Cistercian monasteries were a formally planned grouping of stone buildings

  5. Slide 5 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 What Did the Cistercians Need to Set up a New Monastery? • Land- Donations from rich landowners • Money- Benefices; burial rights; farming skills • Support- Ecclesiastical and political supporters • Labour Force- Lay brothers

  6. Slide 6 North Church Cloister Garth Chapter House West Range East Range Refectory South Range Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Formal Plan of Cistercian Abbey

  7. Slide 7 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 What Does This Building Tell Us?

  8. Slide 8 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 The Cloister

  9. Slide 9 North Screen Altar Lay Brothers Monk’s Choir East Window Night Stairs Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  10. Slide 10 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Altar

  11. Slide 11 Slide 11 East Window Night Stairs, Holy Cross Abbey, Co. Tipperary Piscina Sedilia Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Altar

  12. Slide 12 Rib Vaulting Monk Reading Chapter From Rule of St Benedict Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Chapter House

  13. Slide 13 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Extract From Rule of St Benedict: • CHAPTER IV: The Instruments of Good Works • (13) To love fasting • (20) To hold one's self aloof from worldly ways • (21) To prefer nothing to the love of Christ • (37) Not to be drowsy • (53) Not to love much speaking • (54) Not to provoke laughter

  14. Slide 14 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Chapter House, St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin

  15. Slide 15 Sacristy Chapter House Parlour Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 East Range

  16. Slide 16 Monks Eating in Silence at Long Benches Monk Reading Religious Text During Meal Refectory Kitchen Calefactory Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 South Range

  17. Poblet Abbey, Spain Slide 17 Mellifont, Co. Louth Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  18. Slide 18 ‘domus necessarii’ Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 The Rooms of Necessity

  19. Slide 19 Cellars and Stores Main Entrance to Monastery Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 The West Range Lay Brothers Dormitory and Refectory on First Floor

  20. Slide 20 Columbarium (Dovecote) Nesting Boxes Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Other Monastery Buildings • Guest House • Infirmary • Scriptorium • Abbot’s Lodging • Farm Buildings: stables, barns, mills and workshops

  21. Slide 21 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 CistercianMonasteries in Ireland • In 1170 AD Mellifont Abbey had 100 monks and 300 lay brothers • In 1228 AD Mellifont Abbey had 50 monks and 60 lay brothers • In 1228 AD Jerpoint Abbey had 36 monks and 50 lay brothers

  22. Slide 22 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 A Monk’s Life 'Our food is scant, our garments rough, our drink is from streams and our sleep often upon books. Under our tired limbs there is a hard mat, when sleep is sweetest, we must rise at bell’s bidding. Self will have no place, there is no idleness or dissipation’ Ailred of Revaulx

  23. Slide 23 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Roles in the Monastery Abbot- Head of monastery Sacrist – Maintained buildings, took care of books, vestments and holy vessels Prior – Deputy of the abbot Almoner – Dispensed alms to the poor and sick Barber/ Surgeon – Shaved heads and faces of monks and performed blood letting Cantor – Lead the choir Cellarer – Supervised provisioning of monastery Infirmarian – In charge of the infirmary Lector – Read lessons in church

  24. Slide 24 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Times of Communal Prayers (Offices) in Church Matins 2am Lauds 5am Prime 6am Terce 9am Sext Noon Nones 3pm Vespers 4 – 5pm Compline 6pm

  25. Slide 25 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Lay Brothers (Conversi) • Illiterate and uneducated • Separate accommodation to choir monks • Separate prayer area – only required to pray in morning and evening • Did most of the hard work- farm labourers, millers, smiths, tailors, carpenters, masons, cooks, etc. • Key to Cistercian success: Large, unpaid, obedient work force

  26. Slide 26 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 A Huge Success • Mellifont founded in 1142 • By 1150 five daughter houses founded • By 1270 there were 36 Cistercian monasteries in Ireland • 20 now in ruins • 2 restored as parish churches • 14 have no standing remains

  27. Slide 27 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Cistercian Monasteries in Medieval Ireland

  28. Slide 28 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Cistercian Monasteries in Europe Between 1150 - 1250 the Cistercians had founded 650 monasteries throughout Europe

  29. Slide 29 Tintern, Co. Wexford Mellifont, Co. Louth Boyle, Co. Roscommon Holycross, Co. Tipperary Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  30. Slide 30 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Stone Carvings Carved Capitals at Boyle Abbey, Co. Roscommon Owl Carving, Holycross Abbey, Co. Tipperary

  31. Slide 31 Foot of Monstrance Seal, Boyle Abbey Silver Chalice Cross, Candlestick and Communion Bell Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Cistercian Artefacts

  32. Slide 32 Franciscan Friary, Kilcrea, Co. Cork Dominican Priory, Kilmallock, Co. Limerick Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Other Monastic Orders in Medieval Ireland • Augustinians- founded in 11th century based on Rule of St Augustine • Franciscans- founded by St Francis of Assisi in 1209 • Dominicans- founded by St Dominic of Guzman (1170-1221)

  33. Slide 33 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Decline of Cistercian Monasteries in Ireland • Number of monks and lay brothers joining declines by late-13th century • Black Death (1348 AD) kills many monks and brothers • Economic depression and political turmoil in 14th century • Dissolution of monasteries by Henry VIII (1539 AD)

  34. Slide 34 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Cistercian Monasteries in Ireland Today • Cistercians returned to Ireland and set up a monastery in Mount Melleray in County Waterford in 1832. This was the first Cistercian monastery founded in Ireland since the Reformation and is now one of the larger abbeys of the Cistercian Order • Four other Cistercian monasteries established since • -Roscrea -Bolton • -Mellifont -Glencarin

  35. Slide 35 Theme 1, Unit 2, LESSON 2

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