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Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a

Artefacts of Living Lesson 2a. Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a. Slide 2. Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a. Clay Artefact - 18 th Century - Pipe. Description: Hollowed out circular stem with bowl Bowl set at angle to long circular stem Heel at junction of bowl and stem Fired clay Made in mould

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Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a

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  1. Artefacts of Living Lesson 2a Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a

  2. Slide 2 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Clay Artefact - 18th Century - Pipe • Description: • Hollowed out circular stem with bowl • Bowl set at angle to long circular stem • Heel at junction of bowl and stem • Fired clay • Made in mould • Dimensions: 7.3cm x 2cm • Function: A pipe for smoking tobacco • Lifestyle Activity: Leisure • Owner: Probably male/ senior • Society: They smoked, had leisure time and had trade links with America Cross Section 17th Late 17th Early 18th Late 18th 19th Chronological Typology Through the Centuries

  3. Slide 3 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Antler Artefact - 13th Century - Gaming Piece • Description: • Circular disc •  Decorated on top, with inner and outer circles • Dimensions: 3cm in diameter • Function: • Gaming piece • Decorated to distinguish piece • Lifestyle Activity: Relaxation • Owner: Had leisure time • Society: Had time for fun, used good craftsmanship

  4. Slide 4 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Bronze Artefact – 800 BC – Musical Horn • Description: • S-shaped hollow bronze instrument. • Hand-cast in two pieces  • Decoration: • Ring attached • Dimensions:90cm long • Function:Musical instrument. • Lifestyle Activity:Relaxation (or possibly religious or even war) • Owner:Musician, taking part in clan/group festivals or celebrations • Society:Had festivals and celebration, could play music, highly skilled bronze craftsmen

  5. Slide 5 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Shell Artefacts – 4500 BC - Necklaces • Description: • Two necklaces made of seashells • Small seashells • Made hole in shells and strung them • together on string of some sort • Dimensions: 1.56m in length • Function:Necklace • Lifestyle Activity:Adornment • Owners:Liked to adorn themselves • Society:Made effort adorning themselves

  6. Slide 6 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Bronze Artefact – 600 BC – Bronze Cauldron • Description: • Round bottomed pot • Hammered sheets of bronze riveted together • Dimensions: Diameter 56cm • Function: Cooking/container – suspended by rings • Lifestyle: Eating • Owner: Communal use • Society:Major celebrations or festivals

  7. Slide 7 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Animal Bone Artefact – 12th Century AD - Comb • Description: • Single rectangular bone comb with teeth • Top made up of two plates, one on either side of the teeth • Rivets held plates together • Plates decorated with carvings • Dimensions: 15cm long • Function: For combing hair • Lifestyle Activity: Hygiene/washing • Owner:Personal grooming • Society: Skilled craftsmen, personal hygiene important 

  8. Slide 8 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Gold Artefacts – 1,200 BC - Earrings • Description: • Circular gold earrings • Four-sided flanged gold rods twisted together • Rod was cast in mould, flanges (corners) hammered out, and then the rod twisted • The ear section is made up of thin circular gold wire • Dimensions: 4cm in diameter • Function:Earrings • Lifestyle Activity:Adornment • Owner:Liked ornament, well-off • Society:Skilled goldsmiths, gold important

  9. Slide 9 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Leather Artefact – 12th Century – Leather Shoes • Description: • Slipper-like leather shoes with full sole • Sole made of series of leather pieces with inset for heel • Upper part of shoe of soft leather • Dimensions: 10cm • Function: Child’s shoe • Lifestyle Activity: Dressing • Owner: Owner young • Society: Skilled leatherworkers, had animals/cured leather

  10. Slide 10 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Iron Artefact – 19th Century - Toaster • Description: • D-Shaped frame with flat bars • Supported with an iron bar at the rear • D-shaped hook on top suggests it could be hung up • Little ledge at base of front • Dimensions: c. 7cm high • Function: Toaster at open fire • Lifestyle Activity: Eating • Owner: Probably female • Society: Had skilled blacksmiths

  11. Slide 11 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2a Wooden Artefact – 19th Century – Butter Churn • Description: • Large circular container made of wooden staves held together by circular metal hoops • Wooden lid on top with a small hole in centre • Slim stick through lid • Dimensions: Height 1m • Function: Butter churn • Lifestyle Activity: Food production, eating • Owner: Made butter, made large quantities, dairy farmer • Society: Used butter, traded, dairy cows important

  12. Artefacts of Living Lesson 2b Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b

  13. Slide 13 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Moylough Belt Shrine, Moylough, Co. Sligo - 8th Century AD • Description: • Metal belt-shaped container • · Hinged metal plates, false buckle • Decorated with bird and animal heads and glass settings • Dimensions: Width 45cm • Function : Reliquary to contain belt of holy person • Lifestyle Activity: Worship, pilgrimage

  14. Slide 14 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Bronze Bracelet, Ballymahon, Co. Meath - 2nd Century AD • Description: • Circular bronze coil bracelet • Decorated with bird like triskel at junction of Y • Dimensions: Diameter 9.9cm • Function: Ornament/jewellery • Lifestyle Activity: Adornment

  15. Slide 15 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Bronze Handbell, Castle Island, Lough Lene, Co. Westmeath - 9th Century AD • Description: • Bronze hand bell • Rectangular in section • Handle on top • Dimensions: 33.9cm • Function: Hand bell • Lifestyle Activity: Worship

  16. Slide 16 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Bronze Sword, Ballyharney, Co. Westmeath – 900 – 700 BC • Description: • Long cast-bronze sword • Leaf-shaped blade • Decorated with grooved line parallel to blade • Dimensions: Length 76cm • Function: Weapon- defence/attack • Lifestyle Activity: Warfare/worship

  17. Slide 17 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Carved Stone Head, Drumeague, Corleck, Co. Cavan - Early Iron Age – 100 - 200 AD • Description: • 3 sided stone carved head • Hole in base • Bossed eyes, broad nose and slit mouth • Dimensions: Height 33cm • Function: Worship • Lifestyle Activity: Worship

  18. Slide 18 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Derrynaflan Hoard, Derrynaflan, Co. Tipperary - 8th - 9th Century AD Group of Altar Vessels: Silver Chalice, Silver Paten or dish with Stand, Strainer-ladle and a copper-alloy Basin • Chalice • Description: • Container on stand with handles • Hammered and spun silver • Handles rim and stem ornamented- gold and amber studs • Ornament Techniques: engraving; casting; filigree; enamelling stamping • Dimensions:Height 19.2cm • Function:Altar vessel • Lifestyle Activity:Christian worship

  19. Slide 19 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Kite Brooch, Co. Limerick - Early 10th Century • Description: • Lozenge/Kite-shaped brooch • Silver • Decorated with interlace • Dimensions: Head 7.9cm • Function: Brooch • Lifestyle Activity: Adornment

  20. Slide 20 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Gold Lunula, Co. Kerry - Early Bronze Age - c. 2,000 BC • Description: • Crescent-shaped collar • Thin sheets hammered gold • Decorated in symmetrical pattern of incised lines • Dimensions: Width 22.6cm • Function: Neck collar • Lifestyle Activity: Adornment

  21. Slide 21 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Bronze Horse Bits, Attymon, Co. Galway - Early Iron Age - 2nd Century AD • Description: • Bronze horse bits • Decorated with fine cast lines in relief • Bit piece splayed and decorated • Dimensions: Length 31.8cm • Function: Part of horse harness • Lifestyle Activity: Horse riding, transport

  22. Slide 22 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Ivory Chess-piece, Co. Meath - Late 12th Century AD • Description: • Chess piece • Hand carved out of walrus tusk • Dimensions: Height 7.25cm • Function: Part of game • Lifestyle Activity: Recreation

  23. Slide 23 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Pottery ‘Knight’ Jug, High Street, Dublin - 13th Century AD • Description: • Ceramic jug • Wheel turned • External green glaze • Made at Redcliff, Bristol • Three spouts • Decorated scrolls, armed knights & monkeys • Dimensions: Height 33.5cm • Function: Wine jug • Lifestyle Activity: Recreation / trading / craftsmanship

  24. Slide 24 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Pottery Vessel, Baunogenasraid, Co. Carlow - Neolithic c. 3,500 - 3,400 BC • Description: • Hand-made pottery vessel • Decorated with incised concentric lines • Rim projects inwards • Dimensions: Height 6.8cm • Function: Container • Lifestyle Activity: Worship, ‘food-for-the-dead’

  25. Slide 25 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Processional Cross, Bell & Candlestick, Sheephouse, Co. Meath - c. 1500 AD • Description: • Processional Cross • Hand Bell • Candlestick • Dimensions: Height of cross 62.6cm • Function: Altar furnishings • Lifestyle Activity: Christian worship

  26. Slide 26 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Shrine of St. Lachtin’s Arm, Donaghmore, Co. Cork - c. 1120 AD • Description: • Armed shaped reliquary • Wood covered with cast and engraved bronze plates • Fingers cast in a single piece • Decorated with engraved interlace, and animal and plant motifs • Inscribed with names of Kings of Cashel and Munster (probably patrons of the shrine) • Dimensions: Height 39cm • Function: Reliquary/shrine • Lifestyle Activity: Worship

  27. Slide 27 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Stone Beads & Pendants, Carrowkeel, Co.Sligo -Neolithic 3,500 – 2,800 BC • Description: • Small, shaped stones • Perforated at one end • Local and imported stones • Found in Carrowkeel Passage Tomb • Dimensions: Max length 3cm • Function: Necklace/pendants • Lifestyle Activity: Adornment, worship

  28. Slide 28 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Trumpet, Loughnashade, Co. Armagh - Iron Age - c. 1st Century AD • Description: • Two curved tubes of bronze riveted along edge • Circular disc head • Disc decorated using repousse technique in La Tènestyle • Dimensions: Length 186.7cm • Function: Music/loud noise • Lifestyle Activity: Recreation/war/worship/ceremonial

  29. Slide 29 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b The Loughmoe Brooch, Loughmoe, Co. Tipperary - Late 8th/Early 9th Century AD • Description: • Silver penannular brooch • Decorated gold filigree and large amber studs  • Dimensions: Length 24.3cm • Function: Brooch • Lifestyle Activity: Adornment/craftsmanship

  30. Slide 30 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Broighter Hoard, Co. Derry Iron Age - 1st Century AD Hoard, found in lake, consists of miniature boat, bowl, two necklaces and a collar • Boat • Description: • Model of boat with oars, seats, rowlocks, steering oar and mast • Made from beaten gold sheets • Dimensions: Length 19.6cm • Function: Model • Lifestyle Activity: Worship/ceremonial

  31. Slide 31 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Miniature Vases (Pygmy Cups), Greenhills, Co. Dublin and Dunleckny, Co. Carlow - Bronze Age - 2,000 - 1,800 BC Greenhills Dunleckny • Description: • Small hand-made ceramic vessels • Decorated with a variety of designs • Found in cist grave accompanying a cremation • Dimensions:Height- Greenhills 7.6cm; Dunleckny 5.5cm • Function:Container • Lifestyle Activity:Burial/ceremonial/craftsmanship

  32. Slide 32 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2b Pair of Bronze Spoons, Unlocated -Early Iron Age - c. 1st and 2nd Century AD • Description: • Pair of bronze spoons • Decorated with incised compass-drawn designs • Dimensions: Length- 14.4cm • Function: Spoons • Lifestyle Activity: Eating/ritual/ceremonial

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