1. Extinction of Learned Behavior Lesson 14

2. Extinction of Reinforced Behavior Behavior changes relatively permanent Modifiable if situation changes NOT unlearning Respondent: cue doesn’t predict important event CS : No US Operant: B no longer followed by important event SD : B  No SR ~

3. Extinction Hi Strength of R Lo Acquisition CS : No US B  No SR

4. Effects of Extinction Respondent behavior CR diminishes Emotional: frustration/relief Operant behavior  B Extinction burst Gradual  B  response variability ~

5. Operant Extinction Hi Strength of R Lo Acquisition B  No SR • frustration  burst &  response variability ~

6. Extinction & Negative RFT • Escape behavior • B  terminates aversive event • extinction similar to positive RFT • Avoidance Behavior • B  prevents aversive event • Resistant to extinction • limited exposure to SD • flooding  exposure to complete SD ~

7. Extinction: Punishment Recovery of Punished Behavior Behavior no longer punished B  no SR  B full recovery  original B level depends on intensity & frequency of punishment ~

8. Extinction vs Forgetting • Forgetting • Decay of memory • With passage of time • Extinction • Requires B to occur repeatedly • Without RFT ~

9. Extinction vs. Habituation • Habituation •  reflexive response • Reflexive response inherited • Extinction •  in an acquired response • B no longer reinforced • Response acquired via learning ~

10. Operant: Extinction vs. Punishment Both reduce behavior frequency extinction  gradual strong punishment  rapid Positive punishment disadvantages fear responses escape/avoidance aggression ~

11. Why Does Extinction Occur? • Inhibitory learning • CS+ : no US and SD : B  no SR • contingencies change • become inhibitory signals: CS- / SΔ • Operant: role of CERs • nonRFT  frustration • B  aversive CER: B • nonPunishment  relief • B  appetitive CER:  B ~

12. Reinstatement after Extinction Recovery of learned responses (CR) response to CS+ / SD Phenomena Spontaneous Recovery Disinhibition Renewal effect Shows that association intact NOT unlearned ~

13. Spontaneous Recovery • Passage of time since last CS/SD ~ Hi Time passes Strength of R Lo Acquistion Extinction CS/SD occurs

14. Novel Stimulus Disinhibition • Novel stimulus precedes CS/SD ~ Hi Strength of CR Lo Acquistion Extinction CS/SD occurs

15. Renewal Effect • Extinction context-dependent • Acquisition: “old” environment • Extinction: “new” environment • Go back to “old” environment • Responses are renewed • Indicates association intact • All CS / SD not present during extinction • different contexts ~

16. Extinction: at clinic New Old Fear Gone? Renewal Effect: Flying Phobia Acquisition: in plane

17. Reacquisition • Events paired again • CS : US • B  SR • Associations quickly re-strengthened • fewer trials  asymptote • than original acquisition • Because previous associations intact • adaptive behaviors • relapse for maladaptive behaviors ~

18. Reacquisition Hi Strength of R Lo Acquisition Extinction Reacquisition

19. Parodoxical RFT Effects • Particularly for CRF •  expectation of RFT • No SR frustration  faster extinction • Overtraining Extinction Effect • More training  higher expectation of RFT • Magnitude of RFT •  RFT magnitude  higher expectation of RFT •  Frustration when not RFT • aversive – acts like punisher ~

20. Extinction ≠ Unlearning • Association persists after extinction • Reinstatement of responding after extinction • Spontaneous recovery • Renewal Effect • Disinhibition • Reacquisition • Difficulty in treating addictions & behavioral disorders • Relapse can occur relatively easy ~