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Minerals

Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids with specific chemical compositions and crystalline structures. They are formed in nature, distinct from organic materials like sugar. Each mineral, such as Quartz (SiO2), has a unique chemical formula and crystallizes in repeating geometric patterns, classified into six major systems: cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic. With over 3,000 minerals in Earth's crust, the most prevalent categories are silicates, carbonates, and oxides, each having unique properties and occurrences.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals Pg. 15

  2. Mineral • A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure.

  3. Break it down (What is a mineral) • Naturally occurring- formed in nature, not in a lab. • Inorganic- not living/never alive • Ex. Salt is a mineral while sugar is not.

  4. Break it down (cont) • Specific chemical structure- must be a solid • Each mineral has a unique chemical make up • Ex. Quartz- SiO2

  5. Break it down (cont) • Crystalline structure- regular geometric patterns that are repeated again and again • Crystal- solid arranged in repeating patterns

  6. Crystal systems • Cubic • Tetragonal • Hexagonal • Orthorhombic • Monoclinic • Triclinic

  7. Examples • Cubic (Pyrite) • Tetragonal (Wulfenite) • Hexagonal (Pyromorphite) • Orthorhombic (Topaz) • Monoclinic (Gypsum) • Triclinic (Feldspar)

  8. Mineral Formation • From magma- molten material found beneath Earth’s surface rises and cools • Small crystals form from rapidly cooling magma • Large crystals form from slowly cooling magma • From solutions- if a solution becomes over saturated, mineral crystals begin to precipitate. • When liquid evaporates, solids form

  9. Mineral Groups • 3000 minerals are found in Earth’s Crust • Silicates- minerals that contain oxygen, silicon, and usually one other element (make up 96% of minerals) • Carbonates- composed of one or more metallic elements w/ a carbonate compound (CO3) • Oxides- oxygen and a metal

  10. Pg. 16 • Use the following terms to construct a concept map of the six major crystal systems. • Gypsum • Topaz • Pyrite • Triclinic • Cubic • Hexagonal • Tetragonal • Crystal systems • Wulfenite • Pyromorphite • Feldspar • Orthorhombic • monoclinic

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