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Minerals

Minerals. Pg. 15. Mineral. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure. Break it down (What is a mineral). Naturally occurring- formed in nature, not in a lab. Inorganic- not living/never alive

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals Pg. 15

  2. Mineral • A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure.

  3. Break it down (What is a mineral) • Naturally occurring- formed in nature, not in a lab. • Inorganic- not living/never alive • Ex. Salt is a mineral while sugar is not.

  4. Break it down (cont) • Specific chemical structure- must be a solid • Each mineral has a unique chemical make up • Ex. Quartz- SiO2

  5. Break it down (cont) • Crystalline structure- regular geometric patterns that are repeated again and again • Crystal- solid arranged in repeating patterns

  6. Crystal systems • Cubic • Tetragonal • Hexagonal • Orthorhombic • Monoclinic • Triclinic

  7. Examples • Cubic (Pyrite) • Tetragonal (Wulfenite) • Hexagonal (Pyromorphite) • Orthorhombic (Topaz) • Monoclinic (Gypsum) • Triclinic (Feldspar)

  8. Mineral Formation • From magma- molten material found beneath Earth’s surface rises and cools • Small crystals form from rapidly cooling magma • Large crystals form from slowly cooling magma • From solutions- if a solution becomes over saturated, mineral crystals begin to precipitate. • When liquid evaporates, solids form

  9. Mineral Groups • 3000 minerals are found in Earth’s Crust • Silicates- minerals that contain oxygen, silicon, and usually one other element (make up 96% of minerals) • Carbonates- composed of one or more metallic elements w/ a carbonate compound (CO3) • Oxides- oxygen and a metal

  10. Pg. 16 • Use the following terms to construct a concept map of the six major crystal systems. • Gypsum • Topaz • Pyrite • Triclinic • Cubic • Hexagonal • Tetragonal • Crystal systems • Wulfenite • Pyromorphite • Feldspar • Orthorhombic • monoclinic

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