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Age of Terrorism

Age of Terrorism. Terrorism. Terrorism took on a global aspect at the end of the 20 th century The belief that the West still exhibits a “neocolonialism” through political and military support of certain Middle East nations Islamic puritans view Western culture as immoral and corrupting

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Age of Terrorism

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  1. Age of Terrorism

  2. Terrorism • Terrorism took on a global aspect at the end of the 20th century • The belief that the West still exhibits a “neocolonialism” through political and military support of certain Middle East nations • Islamic puritans view Western culture as immoral and corrupting • Israel is view as Western creation, weakening Islam • Quran is believed to justify use of violence as form of jihad • First international terrorist activities were carried out by Popular Front for Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and Black September 1n 1960s & 1970s • airliner hijackings • In 1980’s Libyan intelligence officers were involved in a number of terrorist attacks and bombings • led to UN sanctions and US air strikes against Libya in 1986

  3. al-Qaeda • Unique that the organization is not connected to any state entity • Osama bin Laden son of prominent Saudi Arabian contractor who was Yemeni Arab • Formed al-Qaeda as clearing house for Muslim volunteer fighters against Soviet occupation of Afghanistan 1979-1989 • extremist world view of Islam under attack by non-believers • al-Qaeda = “the base” • In 1989, bin Laden & Abd al-Aziz Azzam, agreed to continue the organization to fight non-Muslims worldwide whenever they threatened Islamic culture

  4. al-Qaeda • After Azzam’s assassination, Osama bin Laden assumed major leadership • joined in 1989 by Ayman al-ZawahiriEgyptian surgeon who lead al-Jihad • this group assassinated Anwar Sadat 1981

  5. Enter the Taliban • al-Qaeda began in 1991 in Sudan to recruit followers but was expelled when international pressure forced Sudanese to • found haven in Afghanistan where extremist Taliban regime had taken power in 1997. Mullah Omar • Taliban (“the students”) were Isalmic extremists from Pakistan • Taliban are Islamic students supported and trained byulema-e-Islami in Pakistan • While in power, the Taliban enforced one of the strictest interpretations of Shari’a ever seen in the Muslim world, • however most of the criticism on their interpretations came from leading Muslim scholars. • became notorious internationally for their treatment of women

  6. Taliban Afghanistan • Women were required to wear the all-covering burqa, they were banned from public life and denied access to health care and education, windows needed to be covered so that women could not be seen from the outside, and they were not allowed to laugh in a manner they could be heard by others. • The Taliban, without any real court or hearing, cut people's hands or arms off when they were accused of stealing. • Taliban hit-squads watched the streets, conducting brutal public beatings • Many, including Afghan President HamidKarzai, believe that Mullah Omar and his Taliban movement is a puppet of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) in Pakistan. • Many U.S. senior military officials such as Robert Gates,Stanley McChrystal, David Petraeus believe that Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps are also involved in helping the Taliban

  7. al-Qaeda in Afghanistan • al-Qaeda established training camps in Afghanistan for Islamic fighters in terrorism and guerilla warfare • its members gained considerable experience as mujahedeen resistance fighters against the Soviets • Bin Laden and Zawahiri issued a fetwa against the US, declaring that US had waged war against Allah and Muhammad by supporting Israel and attacking regimes such as Saddam Hussein • Muslims everywhere were duty bound to carry out attacks on Americans worldwide • First attacks against US targets including US WTC in NYC in 1993, bombings of US embassies 1998, attack on USS Cole in 2000.

  8. September 11, 2001 • The joint attacks on the twin towers, the Pentagon and undetermined target (possibly the US Capitol or Whitehouse) was carefully orchestrated and carried out by four al-Qaeda teams • Combined death toll was 3,126 • Taliban declined US ultimatum to hand over al-Qaeda members and shut down their camps • On October 7, 2001 US launched attacks on Afghanistan in “Operation Enduring Freedom” • by December 7, 2001, the Taliban surrendered its last remaining stronghold • while Mullah Omar, bin Laden and other al-Qaeda leaders escaped into Pakistan to carry on insurgency.

  9. On to Iraq

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