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Overview of Network Topologies and SONET Frames in Optical Networks

This document provides a comprehensive exploration of various network topologies, including linear bus and BLSR architectures. Illustrated figures depict bus couplers, SONET frames at different STS levels, and key attributes of network setups, particularly focusing on optical cross-connect architectures and wavelength utilization. It also addresses important effects such as SRS, SBS, and interchannel crosstalk that impact network performance. The content is critical for understanding the interrelationships between design choices and performance in modern optical networks.

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Overview of Network Topologies and SONET Frames in Optical Networks

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  1. Fig. 12-1: Network topologies

  2. Fig. 12-2: Bus-coupler losses

  3. Fig. 12-3: Linear bus topology

  4. Fig. 12-4: Liner bus versus star coupler

  5. Fig. 12-5: Basic STS-1 SONET frame

  6. Fig. 12-6: Basic STS-N SONET frame

  7. Fig. 12-7a: 2-fiber UPSR

  8. Fig. 12-7b: 2-fiber UPSR

  9. Fig. 12-8(varied): BLSR architecture

  10. Fig. 12-9: BLSR reconfiguration

  11. Fig. 12-10: Four-fiber BLSR Reconfiguration

  12. Fig. 12-11: Generic SONET network

  13. Fig. 12-12: SONET ADM

  14. Fig. 12-13: Dense WDM deployment

  15. Fig. 12-14: Two types of WDM LANs

  16. Fig. 12-15: Single-hop network

  17. Fig. 12-16: Multihop architecture

  18. Fig. 12-17: Data packet

  19. Fig. 12-18: ShuffleNet

  20. Fig. 12-19: Wavelength reuse

  21. Fig. 12-20: Optical cross-connect architecture

  22. Fig. 12-21: Optical cross-connect

  23. Fig. 12-22: Wavelength utilization

  24. Fig. 12-23: Wavelength utilization

  25. Fig. 12-24: Increase in utilization

  26. Fig. 12-25: Effective length

  27. Fig. 12-26: SRS effects

  28. Fig. 12-27: Raman gain effects

  29. Fig. 12-28: Allowed power per wavelength

  30. Fig. 12-29: SBS effects

  31. Fig. 12-30: SBS effect on CNR

  32. Fig. 12-31: Spectral broadening due to SPM

  33. Fig. 12-32: 3rd-order sidebands

  34. Fig. 12-33: FWM efficiency

  35. Fig. 12-34: Dispersion & power maps

  36. Fig. 12-35: SNR degradation

  37. Fig. 12-36: Interchannel crosstalk

  38. Fig. 12-37: Intrachannel crosstalk

  39. Fig. 12-38: Crosstalk penalties

  40. Fig. 12-39: Kerr effect

  41. Fig. 12-40: First-order soliton

  42. Fig. 12-41: Hyperbolic secant

  43. Fig. 12-42: Dispersion & nonlinear phase shifts

  44. Fig. 12-43: Soliton pulse width

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