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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System. Joints. Articulations of bones Functions of joints Ways joints are classified. Functional Classification of Joints. Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses. Structural Classification of Joints. Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints.

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System

  2. Joints • Articulations of bones • Functions of joints • Ways joints are classified

  3. Functional Classification of Joints • Synarthroses • Amphiarthroses • Diarthroses

  4. Structural Classification of Joints • Fibrous joints • Cartilaginous joints • Synovial joints

  5. Summary of Joint Classes [Insert Table 5.3 here] Table 5.3

  6. Fibrous Joints • Bones united by fibrous tissue

  7. Fibrous Joints Figure 5.28a–b

  8. Cartilaginous Joints • Bones connected by cartilage

  9. Cartilaginous Joints Figure 5.28c–e

  10. Synovial Joints • Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity

  11. Synovial Joints Figure 5.28f–h

  12. Features of Synovial Joints • Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones • A fibrous articular capsule encloses joint surfaces • A joint cavity is filled with • Ligaments

  13. Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint • Bursae—flattened fibrous sacs • Tendon sheath

  14. The Synovial Joint Figure 5.29

  15. Types of Synovial Joints Figure 5.30a–c

  16. Types of Synovial Joints Figure 5.30d–f

  17. Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints • Bursitis • Tendonitis • Arthritis

  18. Clinical Forms of Arthritis • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis • An autoimmune disease

  19. Clinical Forms of Arthritis • Gouty arthritis

  20. Developmental Aspects of the Skeletal System • At birth, the skull bones are incomplete • Bones are joined by fibrous membranes • Fontanels are completely replaced with bone

  21. Ossification Centers in a 12-week-old Fetus Figure 5.32

  22. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life • Fetus • Birth

  23. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life • Adolescence • Size of cranium in relationship to body • 2 years • 8 or 9 years • Between ages 6 and 11

  24. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.33a

  25. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.33b

  26. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life • Curvatures of the spine • Primary curvatures • Secondary curvatures • Abnormal spinal curvatures are often congenital

  27. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.16

  28. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life • Osteoporosis • Bone-thinning disease afflicting • Disease makes bones fragile and bones can easily fracture • Vertebral collapse results in kyphosis • Estrogen aids in health and normal density of a female skeleton

  29. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.34

  30. Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.35

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