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Chapter 25

Chapter 25. The Depression and F.D.R. The Great Depression. The Stock Market crashed, 1929 Worst thing to happen in the U.S. since the Civil War. Stock Exchange. buying and selling shares/stock. Buying on Margin. Paying a little and borrowing the rest Lay away.

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Chapter 25

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  1. Chapter 25 The Depression and F.D.R.

  2. The Great Depression • The Stock Market crashed, 1929 • Worst thing to happen in the U.S. since the Civil War

  3. Stock Exchange • buying and selling shares/stock

  4. Buying on Margin • Paying a little and borrowing the rest • Lay away

  5. Black Thursday, Oct. 24, 1929 • When investors sold shares at prices way less than they had paid for them • Why?

  6. The Great Depression • The economic crisis of 1929 • Many factors caused the depression • Not just the Stock Market

  7. Cause and Effect Causes Effects • Farmers income shrank • Industry declined • People were spending less money • 75% of families were already in poverty • Farmers got poorer • Fewer goods were sold • Less money to be made • There were tons of poor and very few rich

  8. Credit Crisis • Farmers couldn’t pay their debts • Banks lost money • If you had money saved in a bank- it was lost

  9. Poor and Homeless • 25% of all people were out of work • People had to eat in soup kitchens- shelters

  10. Hoovervilles • Named after President Hoover • Small camps made up of homeless families

  11. Hoover’s Response • There is nothing the Government can do to help the needy • Have a nice day

  12. Relief • Aid for those who need it • Food • Water • Shelter

  13. Public Works • Creating jobs by rebuilding roads, libraries, schools, and parks • This was the Public Works Administration

  14. Reconstruction Finance Corporation • Lent money to businesses so they could re-start • Most of the loans were too hard to get

  15. Bonus Army • The Government promised $1000 to every WWI veteran • They marched on Washington to get it

  16. They didn’t get their money • So some left • Some camped out and waited • The Army made them leave

  17. So the Army came MacArthur Eisenhower

  18. Chapter 25 Section 2 – Roosevelt’s New Deal

  19. Roosevelt and The New Deal • Pledged to fix the problem • Roosevelt beat Hoover • Got polio in 1921 • Became President in 1932

  20. Eleanor Roosevelt • Niece of Theodore Roosevelt • The country loved her

  21. The Brain Trust • Roosevelt’s advisors • Developed relief programs for the nation

  22. Fear This

  23. Restoring Confidence • Roosevelt closed all banks for 4 days • The Emergency Banking Relief Act • People deposited their money in banks again

  24. Fireside Chats • There were more radios than T.V.’s • Roosevelt had regular radio shows

  25. The Hundred Days • Special session for Congress that approved all 15 of Roosevelt’s proposals • Confidence in the Government was restored

  26. The New Deal takes Shape • All the new laws passed during the first 100 days

  27. Jobs and Relief • Work relief programs • Government jobs for needy people

  28. Civilian Conservation Corps • CCC • Jobs that benefited the Public • Trees, roads, levees, National Parks

  29. Federal Emergency Relief Admin. • Gave the states money to give to the needy

  30. Agriculture Adjustment Act • AAA • Raise farm prices • Control production • Supply and Demand

  31. Subsides • Grants of money • Farmers made 50% more money

  32. Tennessee Valley Authority • T.V.A. • Aimed to control flooding • Brought electricity to rural areas • Built Hydroelectric Dams

  33. Tennessee River • Flooded a lot • Destroyed crops and homes • Once built, it stopped the flooding and provided electricity

  34. Dams Kept the Water Away • Dams created lakes • Saved homes and farms • Lets go fishing

  35. NRA • National Recovery Administration • establish minimum wage • made child labor laws

  36. Public Works Administration • PWA • Built things that the Public could use • Shipyards, Schools, Hospitals, City Halls

  37. FDIC • Federal Deposit Insurance Corps • Promised to give your money back if a bank closed

  38. Securities and Exchange Commission • Regulated the sale of stocks and bonds

  39. Assessing the New Deal • WAS IT SUCCESSFUL?

  40. Section 3 • Life during the Depression

  41. How to survive during the Depression • Families all lived together • They stopped having kids • More kids went to school • More teachers were needed

  42. Women go to Work • Moms made clothes, cooked food for sale • Ran boarding houses, and baby sat • Went to work for less money • .75 Cent an hour

  43. Francis Perkins • First women ever to serve on a cabinet

  44. Hattie Caraway • First woman to be elected to the U.S. Senate

  45. The Dust Bowl • Severe drought dried out the dirt killing crops • The winds came and blew dust in the air • The “Plains” states became the Dust Bowl

  46. Migrant Farmers • Out of work farmers from the Dust Bowl region • Found work in California • Harvesting fruits and vegetables

  47. Minority Plight • African Americans • Native Americans • Hispanic Americans

  48. African Americans • ½ were out of work • They went north to the big cities • They quit farming and went to work in factories

  49. Indian Reorganization Act • Restored the rights of tribal governments • Gave them money to buy land

  50. Hispanic Americans • Politicians demanded they be deported • More than 500,000 left the U.S.

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