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Role of nutrition and metabolism on fertility in dairy cows

Role of nutrition and metabolism on fertility in dairy cows. Matt Lucy F21C Animal Reproductive Biology Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri, Columbia, USA. Lactose (milk sugar) A disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose.

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Role of nutrition and metabolism on fertility in dairy cows

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  1. Role of nutrition and metabolism on fertility in dairy cows Matt Lucy F21C Animal Reproductive Biology Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri, Columbia, USA

  2. Lactose (milk sugar)A disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose

  3. Lactose (milk sugar)Two molecules of glucose are used in the production of one molecule of lactose

  4. Ever-Green-View My 1326-ET Waldo, Wisconsin USA February 2010 32,805 kg of milk* 1,267 kg fat 974 kg protein 365 d lactation *3-times average US cow in 2010

  5. How much glucose per day? 72 g of glucose to produce 1 kg milk 100 kg milk per day 7.2 kg glucose per day

  6. Glucose synthesisHealthy later lactation or dry cow Drackley (1999) J. Dairy Sci. 82:2259-2273.

  7. Glucose supply and demand: Prepartum and early lactation Overton (2001) Proceedings of the Western Canadian Dairy Seminar

  8. Glucose synthesisCow in negative energy balance Drackley (1999) J. Dairy Sci. 82:2259-2273.

  9. Bovine embryonic and fetal development depends on glucose Photo courtesy of The Drost Project (University of Florida)

  10. The Warburg EffectMetabolic Requirements for Cell Growth Vander Heiden et al. (2009) Science 324:1029-1033

  11. Plasma GH concentrations in postpartum dairy cows Kobayashi et al. (1999) Endocrinology 140:3947-3954.

  12. Stimulatory action Inhibitory action GH, GHR, IGF1, and insulin in Postpartum Cows Hypothalamus Pituitary IGF1 GH GHR Liver Insulin Nutrient Partitioning Milk Production

  13. Journal of General Physiology (1931)

  14. Stimulatory action Inhibitory action GH/Insulin Antagonism Hypothalamus Pituitary IGF-I GH GHR GHR Liver Adipose Insulin IR IR Pancreas Glucose Glucose Mammary NEFA Lucy 2004 (NZSAP Proceedings)

  15. 75th Annual Hoard’s Dairyman Cow Judging Contest

  16. Insulin IGF-I GH GH/Insulin antagonism during lactation Glucose supply Glucose supply

  17. Dexcel Strain TrialHamilton, New Zealand 2001-2003 • Three strains • NA90 • NZ90 • NZ70 • Two different feeding levels • Low • High

  18. Milk energy production and body condition score 2003 Strain Trial Cows Lucy et al. (2009) J. Dairy Sci. 92:526-539.

  19. Dexcel Strain TrialHamilton, New Zealand 2001-2003 Lucy et al. (2009) J. Dairy Sci. 92:526-539.

  20. Theoretical model of milk production, energy balance, and body condition score Lucy (2009) Proceedings of the 44th Annual Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference

  21. Uterus Ovary GH Insulin Adipose Glucose Liver NEFA IGF1

  22. Embryonic loss for heifers and cows Santos et al. (2004)

  23. Methods • Pregnant Holstein dairy heifers (n = 43) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. • After calving: • One group was dried off immediately (not milked; nonlactating). • The other group was milked normally (twice daily; lactating). • Slaughter at 28, 35, or 42 d of pregnancy. Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press) Lucy et al. (2012) J. Dairy Sci. (submitted)

  24. Postpartum Glucose Trt P < 0.001 Status P < 0.090 Trt*Status NS DPP P < 0.070 Trt*DPP NS Status*DPP P < 0.007 T*S*DPP NS Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  25. Postpartum insulin Trt P < 0.001 Status NS Trt*Status NS DPP NS Trt*DPP NS Status*DPP NS T*S*DPP NS Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  26. Postpartum IGF1 Trt P < 0.001 Status P < 0.019 Trt*Status NS DPP P < 0.001 Trt*DPP P < 0.001 Status*DPP NS T*S*DPP NS Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  27. Postpartum NEFA Trt P < 0.001 Status NS Trt*Status NS DPP P < 0.001 Trt*DPP P < 0.001 Status*DPP NS T*S*DPP NS Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  28. Day 28 bovine fetuses Cow 15 Cow 34 Cow 39 7 mm Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  29. Effect of lactation on fetal wt (g) Treatment P < 0.06 Day P < 0.001 Status P < 0.005 Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  30. Effect of lactation on placental wt (g) Treatment P < 0.01 Day P < 0.001 Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  31. Fetal tissues and cavities Drawing from: University of Guelph Department of Animal and Poultry Science

  32. Maternal and fetal glucose Maternal plasma Fetal fluids Treatment P < 0.001 Slaughter NS T*S NS Treatment P < 0.002 Slaughter P < 0.001 T*S NS Lucyet al. (2012) J. Dairy Sci. (submitted)

  33. Effect of status on fetal wt (g) Day P < 0.001 Status P < 0.005 Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  34. Day 35 bovine fetuses Cow 15 Cow 34 Cow 39 Lactating; Pregnant at 2nd AI Not lactating; Pregnant at 1st AI Green et al. (2012) Reproduction (in press)

  35. Waldron study cowsPostpartum uterine weight Lucy and Waldron (unpublished)

  36. Day 3

  37. Day 25

  38. Day 25

  39. Luminal Epithelium of the bovine uterus at 25 dpp Lucy and Waldron (unpublished)

  40. Glucose infusion0.695 g/min (1 kg/d) Lucy (unpublished)

  41. “Life on the Knife” IGF1 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Liver Growth hormone Uterus Ovary NEFA Immune cells Adipose AA Glucose Muscle Insulin Mammary Gland

  42. “Life on the Knife” IGF1 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Liver Growth hormone Uterus Cytokines Ovary Inflammation NEFA Inflammation Immune cells Adipose AA Glucose Muscle Insulin Mammary Gland

  43. “Life on the Knife” IGF1 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Liver Growth hormone Uterus Cytokines Unhealthy liver Ovary Inflammation NEFA Inflammation Immune cells Adipose AA Glucose Muscle Insulin Mammary Gland

  44. “Life on the Knife” IGF1 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Liver Growth hormone Uterus Cytokines Ovary Inflammation NEFA Inflammation Immune cells Adipose AA Glucose Muscle Insulin Mammary Gland

  45. “Life on the Knife” IGF1 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Liver Growth hormone Uterus Cytokines Ovary Inflammation NEFA Inflammation Immune cells Adipose AA Glucose Muscle Insulin Mammary Gland

  46. “Life on the Knife” IGF1 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Liver Growth hormone Uterus Cytokines Ovary Inflammation NEFA Inflammation Immune cells Adipose AA Glucose Muscle Insulin Mammary Gland

  47. “Life on the Knife” IGF1 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Liver Growth hormone Uterus Ovary Immune cells Adipose Glucose Muscle Insulin Mammary Gland

  48. Uterus Ovary Solutions: GH Insulin Adipose Glucose Liver NEFA IGF1

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