Dairy Nutrition

1. Dairy Nutrition Feed Components, Total Mixed Rations, and Calculations Click anywhere to begin.

2. How do I use this activity? • The buttons in the bottom right hand corner allow you to navigate. • The first takes you to the previous slide • The button in the middle takes you to the home slide (viewed next) • The last takes you to the next slide • Advance to the next slide to continue.

3. Home • This is the home slide – it allows you to access the two main parts of this activity and their quizzes. If you feel comfortable with the information, you can jump straight to the quiz. • If you have previous knowledge with any of these topics and feel comfortable with the information, go ahead and skip the lesson and advance straight to the quiz. You must complete both quizzes. • Choose a lesson or quiz to begin! Feed Components Lesson TMR Lesson The TMR lesson is a direct real life application of the feed components lesson – it discusses what the components are used for. Feed Components Quiz TMR Calculation Quiz

4. Feed Components • In this module you will learn: • What the different components to a dairy cow’s feed are • Their characteristics (color, texture, etc.) • Their uses in the feed ration • Advance to the next slide to begin!

5. Corn Silage • Made by chopping the entire corn plant • Fermented • Sored in silos or large bunker silo packs • Serves as a primary TMR ingredient/component • Starts green in color then turns golden yellow after fermentation. Left: Fermented corn silage Right: Corn being chopped into corn silage

6. Haylage • Made by chopping alfalfa plants • Fermented for use in feed • Stored in silos or large bunker packs • Another primary feed ingredient • Starts light green in color, becomes deep green after fermentation Left: the face of a “bunker silo” that most haylage is stored in. Right: A close up of the makeup of haylage

7. Dry Hay • Generally stored in large round or square bales • Contributes fiber to the diet as well as many of the nutrients and benefits of haylage • Generally a small component of feed ration Left: Close up of the makeup of hay Right: Dry hay storage in big round bales.

8. Additives & Protein Mixes • Normally stored and dispensed from large bins • Supplement the nutrients of other ingredients • Can add fat or proteins (for energy which translates to milk production) or minerals (this is a style of mineral delivery called force feeding because cattle must ingest them with the feed) • Molasses is sometimes used to help provide quick energy to cattle • Small portion of feed ration

9. Additives & Protein Mixes Left: Storage and dispensing system for a dry protein mix Right: Storage and dispensing system for molasses

10. High Moisture Corn • Harvested at high moistures and stored in silos (usually rolled to crack kernel coating before storage and ground upon addition to ration to maximize digestion) • Fermented (improves digestion) • Small component of ration • Provides protein Right: A close up of high moisture corn that has been rolled prior to storage/fermentation and milled upon removal from storage. This is the normal order of procedures.

11. Feed Components Quiz • Now that you’ve completed the learning module on feed components, its time to take the quiz. You must answer at least 4 out of 5 questions right before moving on to TMR and TMR calculation. • Click on the answer you think is correct. • Advance to the next slide to begin the quiz, good luck!

12. Question #1: What feed ingredient serves as the base of most rations? Protein Mix Corn Silage Dry Hay Haylage

13. Question #2: What is molasses used for in feed rations? Help the feed go down easier Provide minerals not found anywhere else Make the feed more palatable Provide Quick Energy

14. Question #3: What is the process (in order) of storing/preparing high moisture corn? Harvested, rolled, fermented, milled Harvested, rolled, fermented Harvested, milled, fermented, rolled Harvested, milled, fermented

15. Question #4: What feed ingredient is shown below? Corn Silage Molasses Haylage Protein Mix

16. Question #5: Why do dairy farmers let high moisture corn ferment? Accidental Tastes Better Easier digestion They don’t

17. Almost! Try again or move on by choosing the next question below. Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

18. That’s correct, good job! Move on by choosing the next question below. Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

19. Congratulations! • You’ve finished the Feed Components/Ingredients quiz! • If you scored at least 4 out of 5 questions correct, advance to the next slide. • If you got less than a 4 out of 5 click the button below to return to the beginning of the feed components/ingredients module. Feed Components Module

20. TMR Calculations • In this module you will learn: • What a TMR is • Why they are used on dairy farms • How to calculate a TMR given a nutrition needs report • Advance to the next slide to begin!

21. What is a TMR • TMR stands for total mixed ration • Total mixed rations are formulated and blended together to include all forage and grain ingredients, and fed by free choice to cattle. • Bunks generally filled twice a day and cattle are given unlimited access • Nutritionist recommends quantities of each feed ingredient fed

22. Total Mixed Rations Advantages Disadvantages Investment in mixer and other equipment may be significant Cows must be grouped into at least two (or more) groups Rations must be professionally done and and updated frequently Grazing becomes obsolete and lots of dry hay is difficult to incorporate into the diet • Lower risks of digestive problems • Cattle consume desired amounts of different forages and minerals relative to each other • Accuracy of feed mixing improved • Can use feeds that are unpalatable (don’t taste good) to cattle when fed alone • Reduces labor!

23. Click on the button below to watch the video, then return to this slide and continue with the learning module TMR Calculation Video

24. TMR Quiz • Now that you’ve completed the learning module discussing Total Mixed Rations and how to calculate them, it’s time to test your knowledge. You must answer 4 out of 5 questions correctly. • Click on the answer you think is correct. • Before you begin, make sure you have scrap paper, a writing utensil, and a calculator. • Advance to the next slide to begin, good luck!

25. Question #1: A dairy herd is currently feeding approximately 6,000 pounds TMR twice a day to a group of newly fresh cows. The current ration contains 3,500 pounds of corn silage. Due to a heat wave sweeping the Midwest, consumption decreases by 2,000 pounds/per day. How much corn silage will the farmer’s new TMR batch contain? 2,900 lbs 2,800 lbs 3,400 lbs 3,000 lbs

26. Question #2: Toll Tail Dairy milks about 450 cows divided among 5 pens based on how recently they have calved. Pen 1 is receiving 4,000 lbs/day, pens 2 and 3 are receiving 12,000 lbs/day, pen 4 is receiving 10,800 lbs/day, and pen 5 is receiving 7,600 lbs/day. How much high moisture corn will be used during the afternoon feeding if it is 10 % of the TMR ration for pen 1, 15% of the TMR for pens 2 and 3, and 13% of the TMR for pens 4 and 5? 3,000 lbs 3,176 lbs 3,144 lbs 3,244 lbs

27. Question #3: Lewis Century Stock Farms is considering increasing the amount of protein mix and the amount of wet molasses used in their TMR ration. Currently protein mix makes up 10% and molasses makes up 5% of their 20,000 pound batches. How much more would be used if they increased molasses from 5% to 7% and protein mix from 10% to 20% +1800 lbs of protein mix and +500 lbs of molasses +2000 lbs of protein mix and +400 lbs of molasses +600 lbsof molasses and +2200 lbs of protein mix +2000 lbs of molasses and +400 lbs of protein mix

28. Question #4: You are a dairy farmer and have just been given a new ration from your nutritionist. Given that the batch will total 17,000 pounds and include 10% high moisture corn, 10% protein mix, 5% dry hay, 25% haylage, 35% corn silage, and 5% molasses, what are your results? High Moisture Corn – 1,700 lbs Protein Mix – 1,700 lbs Dry Hay – 850 lbs Haylage – 4,250 lbs Corn Silage – 5,950 lbs Molasses – 850 lbs High Moisture Corn – 1,500 lbs Protein Mix – 1,500 lbs Dry Hay – 1,000 lbs Haylage – 5,000 lbs Corn Silage – 7,000 lbs Molasses – 1,000 High Moisture Corn – 2,000 lbs Protein Mix – 2,000 lbs Dry Hay – 500 lbs Haylage – 7,000 lbs Corn Silage – 5,000 lbs Molasses – 500 lbs High Moisture Corn – 850 lbs Protein Mix – 850 lbs Dry Hay – 1,700 lbs Haylage – 5,950 lbs Corn Silage – 4,250 lbs Molasses – 1,700 lbs

29. Question #5: Perkins Twin Creek Farms is experiencing a decrease in feed intake due to the cold temperatures that have set in this week. They had been feeding 10,000 pounds of Total Mixed Ration to their newly fresh cows per day 40% of this ration is haylage. Now that they are feeding 9,000 pounds of TMR to these cows per day, how much less haylage are they using? 400 lbs 450 lbs 300 lbs 500 lbs

30. Almost! Try again or move on by choosing the next question below. Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

31. That’s correct, good job! Move on by choosing the next question below. Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5

32. Congratulations! • You’ve finished the TMR and TMR Calculation quiz! • If you scored at least 4 out of 5 questions correct, advance to the next slide. • If you got less than a 4 out of 5 click the button below to return to the beginning of the TRM and TMR Calculation module. TMR and Calculation Module

33. You Made It! • Congratulations on successfully completing and mastering two of the course standards. • You now have a broader knowledge of • feed ingredients and components that farmers use • how farmer calculate the amount of each of ingredient to feed their cattle in a total mixed ration. • Advance to the next slide.

34. Resources Linn, J. (2013)Feeding Total Mixed Rations. Retrieved from http:// www1.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/dairy/feed%2Dand%2Dnutrition/ feeding%2Dtotal%2Dmixed%2Drations/ All Pictures taken at Perkins Twin Creek Farms Inc on a personal camera Click anywhere to end the presentation